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efficiency – Tips on how to configure JMeter to dynamically learn knowledge from considered one of a number of CSV recordsdata based mostly on load distribution?


I am engaged on efficiency testing a multi-tenant software utilizing Apache JMeter. I need to simulate load coming from three completely different shoppers, the place every consumer’s knowledge is saved in a separate CSV file. The load ought to be distributed like this:

  • Consumer 1: 60%
  • Consumer 2: 30%
  • Consumer 3: 10%

All CSV recordsdata have the identical construction (columns), however include completely different knowledge per consumer.

My Objective:
I need every thread to randomly and proportionally decide knowledge from the suitable CSV file based mostly on the chances above and use it within the HTTP requests with out knowledge overlap or inconsistency.

What I Tried:

Strategy 1: Dynamically set file path utilizing a variable
My Jmeter Check Plan construction is,

Check Plan
|-- Consumer Outlined Variables
|-- CSV Information Set Config
|-- Stepping Thread Group
|-- |-- JSR223 PreProcessor
|-- |-- HTTP Request Sampler 1
|-- |-- HTTP Request Sampler 2
|-- |-- HTTP Request Sampler n
|-- View Outcome Tree
|-- Abstract Report

Within the Check Plan, I’ve a variable path outlined in Consumer Outlined Variables as:

path = D:/jmeter/undertaking

I then set the Filename in CSV Information Set Config to ${csvFile}.

Inside a JSR223 PreProcessor, I attempted setting the csvFile variable like this:

def randomValue = Math.random()
if (randomValue < 0.6) {
    vars.put('csvFile', "${path}/file1.csv")
} else if (randomValue < 0.9) {
    vars.put('csvFile', "${path}/file2.csv")
} else {
    vars.put('csvFile', "${path}/file3.csv")
}

The problem is, though csvFile will get set accurately within the JSR223 PreProcessor, the CSV Information Set Config does not decide up the worth dynamically.

Strategy 2: Dynamically set file path utilizing a variable and place the CSV Information Set Config after the JSR223 PreProcessor

My Jmeter Check Plan construction is,

Check Plan
|-- Consumer Outlined Variables
|-- Stepping Thread Group
|-- |-- JSR223 PreProcessor
|-- |-- CSV Information Set Config
|-- |-- HTTP Request Sampler 1
|-- |-- HTTP Request Sampler 2
|-- |-- HTTP Request Sampler n
|-- View Outcome Tree
|-- Abstract Report

Nonetheless the outcome is identical as in Strategy 1.

I believe it is as a result of execution order, as JMeter processes the CSV Information Set Config earlier than the PreProcessor runs.

My Query:

What’s the appropriate method in JMeter to:

  • Dynamically and proportionally distribute threads throughout a number of CSV recordsdata
  • Guarantee clear separation of information per thread (no variable conflicts)
  • Keep away from knowledge overlap or race circumstances between threads

Observe: I can’t share precise screenshots or undertaking recordsdata resulting from employer restrictions, however I am searching for a JMeter-safe and scalable method to simulate this type of weighted load throughout shoppers utilizing separate CSV recordsdata or something different suggestion for tackling this challenge.

Any concepts or suggestions for managing this successfully?

Inside OpenAI’s o3 and o4‑mini: Unlocking New Prospects By Multimodal Reasoning and Built-in Toolsets

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On April 16, 2025, OpenAI launched upgraded variations of its superior reasoning fashions. These new fashions, named o3 and o4-mini, provide enhancements over their predecessors, o1 and o3-mini, respectively. The most recent fashions ship enhanced efficiency, new options, and better accessibility. This text explores the first advantages of o3 and o4-mini, outlines their predominant capabilities, and discusses how they may affect the way forward for AI purposes. However earlier than we dive into what makes o3 and o4-mini distinct, it’s necessary to know how OpenAI’s fashions have advanced over time. Let’s start with a quick overview of OpenAI’s journey in creating more and more highly effective language and reasoning methods.

OpenAI’s Evolution of Massive Language Fashions

OpenAI’s improvement of huge language fashions started with GPT-2 and GPT-3, which introduced ChatGPT into mainstream use on account of their skill to provide fluent and contextually correct textual content. These fashions had been broadly adopted for duties like summarization, translation, and query answering. Nevertheless, as customers utilized them to extra advanced eventualities, their shortcomings grew to become clear. These fashions usually struggled with duties that required deep reasoning, logical consistency, and multi-step problem-solving. To handle these challenges, OpenAI launched GPT-4, and shifted its focus towards enhancing the reasoning capabilities of its fashions. This shift led to the event of o1 and o3-mini. Each fashions used a technique known as chain-of-thought prompting, which allowed them to generate extra logical and correct responses by reasoning step-by-step. Whereas o1 is designed for superior problem-solving wants, o3-mini is constructed to ship related capabilities in a extra environment friendly and cost-effective means. Constructing on this basis, OpenAI has now launched o3 and o4-mini, which additional improve reasoning talents of their LLMs. These fashions are engineered to provide extra correct and well-considered solutions, particularly in technical fields resembling programming, arithmetic, and scientific evaluation—domains the place logical precision is crucial. Within the following part, we’ll study how o3 and o4-mini enhance upon their predecessors.

Key Developments in o3 and o4-mini

Enhanced Reasoning Capabilities

One of many key enhancements in o3 and o4-mini is their enhanced reasoning skill for advanced duties. In contrast to earlier fashions that delivered fast responses, o3 and o4-mini fashions take extra time to course of every immediate. This additional processing permits them to motive extra totally and produce extra correct solutions, resulting in enhancing outcomes on benchmarks. As an example, o3 outperforms o1 by 9% on LiveBench.ai, a benchmark that evaluates efficiency throughout a number of advanced duties like logic, math, and code. On the SWE-bench, which checks reasoning in software program engineering duties, o3 achieved a rating of 69.1%, outperforming even aggressive fashions like Gemini 2.5 Professional, which scored 63.8%. In the meantime, o4-mini scored 68.1% on the identical benchmark, providing practically the identical reasoning depth at a a lot decrease value.

Multimodal Integration: Pondering with Pictures

One of the revolutionary options of o3 and o4-mini is their skill to “suppose with pictures.” This implies they can’t solely course of textual data but in addition combine visible knowledge straight into their reasoning course of. They will perceive and analyze pictures, even when they’re of low high quality—resembling handwritten notes, sketches, or diagrams. For instance, a person might add a diagram of a posh system, and the mannequin might analyze it, determine potential points, and even counsel enhancements. This functionality bridges the hole between textual and visible knowledge, enabling extra intuitive and complete interactions with AI. Each fashions can carry out actions like zooming in on particulars or rotating pictures to higher perceive them. This multimodal reasoning is a major development over predecessors like o1, which had been primarily text-based. It opens new potentialities for purposes in fields like schooling, the place visible aids are essential, and analysis, the place diagrams and charts are sometimes central to understanding.

Superior Instrument Utilization

o3 and o4-mini are the primary OpenAI fashions to make use of all of the instruments obtainable in ChatGPT concurrently. These instruments embody:

  • Net searching: Permitting the fashions to fetch the most recent data for time-sensitive queries.
  • Python code execution: Enabling them to carry out advanced computations or knowledge evaluation.
  • Picture processing and technology: Enhancing their skill to work with visible knowledge.

By using these instruments, o3 and o4-mini can remedy advanced, multi-step issues extra successfully. As an example, if a person asks a query requiring present knowledge, the mannequin can carry out an internet search to retrieve the most recent data. Equally, for duties involving knowledge evaluation, it may execute Python code to course of the information. This integration is a major step towards extra autonomous AI brokers that may deal with a broader vary of duties with out human intervention. The introduction of Codex CLI, a light-weight, open-source coding agent that works with o3 and o4-mini, additional enhances their utility for builders.

Implications and New Prospects

The discharge of o3 and o4-mini has widespread implications throughout industries:

  • Training: These fashions can help college students and academics by offering detailed explanations and visible aids, making studying extra interactive and efficient. As an example, a pupil might add a sketch of a math downside, and the mannequin might present a step-by-step answer.
  • Analysis: They will speed up discovery by analyzing advanced knowledge units, producing hypotheses, and decoding visible knowledge like charts and diagrams, which is invaluable for fields like physics or biology.
  • Trade: They will optimize processes, enhance decision-making, and improve buyer interactions by dealing with each textual and visible queries, resembling analyzing product designs or troubleshooting technical points.
  • Creativity and Media: Authors can use these fashions to show chapter outlines into easy storyboards. Musicians match visuals to a melody. Movie editors obtain pacing strategies. Architects convert hand‑drawn ground plans into detailed 3‑D blueprints that embody structural and sustainability notes.
  • Accessibility and Inclusion: For blind customers, the fashions describe pictures intimately. For deaf customers, they convert diagrams into visible sequences or captioned textual content. Their translation of each phrases and visuals helps bridge language and cultural gaps.
  • Towards Autonomous Brokers: As a result of the fashions can browse the net, run code, and course of pictures in a single workflow, they kind the premise for autonomous brokers. Builders describe a function; the mannequin writes, checks, and deploys the code. Data employees can delegate knowledge gathering, evaluation, visualization, and report writing to a single AI assistant.

Limitations and What’s Subsequent

Regardless of these developments, o3 and o4-mini nonetheless have a information cutoff of August 2023, which limits their skill to answer the latest occasions or applied sciences except supplemented by internet searching. Future iterations will probably deal with this hole by enhancing real-time knowledge ingestion.

We are able to additionally count on additional progress in autonomous AI brokers—methods that may plan, motive, act, and be taught repeatedly with minimal supervision. OpenAI’s integration of instruments, reasoning fashions, and real-time knowledge entry indicators that we’re shifting nearer to such methods.

The Backside Line

OpenAI’s new fashions, o3 and o4-mini, provide enhancements in reasoning, multimodal understanding, and gear integration. They’re extra correct, versatile, and helpful throughout a variety of duties—from analyzing advanced knowledge and producing code to decoding pictures. These developments have the potential to considerably improve productiveness and speed up innovation throughout numerous industries.

Horse Powertrain Desires To Hybridize Your Electrical Automotive


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Are you sitting down, CleanTechnica readers? The supposed slowdown within the EV revolution has already brought about many producers to reassess their electrical automotive technique and take into consideration constructing plug-in hybrids as a substitute. Now a brand new firm known as Horse Powertrain is touting a whole PHEV retrofit bundle it says is a drop-in alternative for front-wheel-drive EVs.

You may assume Horse Powertrain is a one-car-garage startup, however in actual fact it’s a collaboration between Renault, Geely, and Aramco that calls itself “an unbiased new powertrain options enterprise with over 125 years of heritage from Renault and Geely.” It claims to have “a effectively established international manufacturing footprint with 17 crops and 5 R&D facilities on 3 continents.” The corporate’s Future Hybrid Idea might be on show at Auto Shanghai, which takes place between April 23 and Might 2, 2025.

Horse claims that its future hybrid system will permit producers to construct an EV and a hybrid on the identical meeting line, which can cut back complexity considerably. The unit bolts on to the automobile’s subframe and minimal modifications are required to make it work with the prevailing electrical structure. After all, there are a couple of different items wanted to finish the method, like a gasoline tank and an exhaust system. Hmmm … maybe Elon Musk is perhaps a candidate for this new know-how, which guarantees the interior combustion engine can run on something that can burn, from gasoline and diesel, to biofuels and artificial fuels.

The powertrain can work as a spread extender for the high-voltage battery already in an electrical automotive, whereas the built-in transmission can work by itself, offering energy to the entrance wheels, or along with the electrically powered rear axle for an all-wheel-drive configuration. Mounted crosswise within the entrance engine compartment, the built-in energy unit comes with all the required energy electronics techniques wanted for a hybrid powertrain, together with a controller, inverter, DC-to-DC converter, and onboard charger.

InsideEVs speculates that automobiles just like the Hyundai IONIQ 5 and Porsche Taycan could possibly be retrofitted with Horse Future Hybrid system. Though, why anybody would wish to bastardize a wonderfully advantageous electrical automotive is just about a thriller. Nevertheless, smaller automakers with restricted sources might flip to Horse Powertrain for help in remodeling their upcoming inexpensive electrical automobiles into hybrids, presumably to calm the jitters of first time EV drivers who fear they may should cease each 300 miles to cost their batteries.

“Horse Powertrain is concentrated on fixing the most important issues dealing with automotive OEMs,” mentioned Matias Giannini, the corporate’s CEO. “For over a decade, it appeared like battery electrical autos had been the one path to web zero, and OEMs deliberate accordingly. Nevertheless, we’re now shifting in direction of a technology-neutral world, with totally different markets and functions every pursuing their very own sustainable mobility journey.”

“Our Future Hybrid Idea helps OEMs remedy this downside. By way of our innovation, we are able to ship a full hybrid powertrain system that seamlessly integrates onto a battery electrical automobile platform. This compact, built-in powertrain idea permits OEMs to supply powertrain range with minimal disruption to the manufacturing course of and useful resource expenditure,” he mentioned. The Horse Powertrain drop-in hybrid system is anticipated to start out being fitted to manufacturing autos in 2028. The cynics amongst us assume by then the demand for plug-in hybrids might be falling as enhancements to public dealing with Stage 2 and Stage 3 charger infrastructure happen.

All Issues To All Folks

In a press launch, Renault and Geely mentioned they consider a mixture of varied powertrain applied sciences is critical, together with extremely environment friendly inside combustion engines, decrease carbon e-fuels, and hydrogen, to attain a profitable decarbonization in a world the place greater than half of autos produced are anticipated to nonetheless depend on combustion engines by 2040. Horse Powertrain sees itself as a brand new participant that can disrupt the sport and pave the best way for ultra-low emission hybrid and combustion applied sciences.

The corporate will design, develop, produce, and promote hybrid and combustion powertrains with cutting-edge applied sciences, together with engines, transmissions, hybrid techniques, and batteries. Each Renault and Geely anticipate to profit from an instantaneous scale impact and elevated market penetration. Supported by the switch of mental property (IP) from Renault Group and Geely, Horse Powertrain is creating future powertrain applied sciences that tackle all buyer expectations, significantly within the area of different fuels comparable to inexperienced methanol, ethanol, and hydrogen. The corporate’s product portfolio and regional footprint might provide options for 80 % of the rising international hybrid and combustion powertrain market.

Horse Powertrain will provide a number of industrial clients — together with Renault Group, Geely Auto, Volvo Automobiles, Proton, Nissan, and Mitsubishi. The corporate is able to interact with clients and companions world wide to assist them with end-to-end options in powertrain applied sciences and welcome companions who will additional strengthen the worth chain. “We consider there is no such thing as a one measurement suits all resolution to sustainable mobility, so we’re investing in new applied sciences which can assist the automotive trade and different sectors requiring energy era, of their transition to a extra sustainable future,” says Patrice Haettel, CEO of Horse Powertrain.

Horse Powertrain Marine Division

Horse Powertrain is about greater than plug-in hybrids. It’s also ready to provide conventional delicate hybrid powertrains together with each handbook and automated transmissions. It has solid a partnership with Brazil’s Hybdor to create the world’s first flex-fuel marine PHEV for Class 2 vessels between 26 and 40 toes in size. It will likely be one of many world’s first industrial marine engines able to operating on ethanol gas.

The Hybdor Duotech 200E makes use of a pioneering plug-in hybrid powertrain designed to be used in yachts. Horse Powertrain will provide its 1.3-liter 4 cylinder Turbo Flex Gasoline HR13 engine. Like PHEV powertrains for land autos, the Hybdor Duotech 200E might be able to working in each pure combustion and pure electrical modes. It would additionally characteristic a “increase” mode that mixes each combustion and electrical energy to supply elevated steady energy. The powertrain’s battery can be charged whereas transferring in combustion mode, together with being charged by plugging into an influence outlet. When plugged in, the PHEV could be absolutely charged in simply 90 minutes.

Produced domestically on the Horse Powertrain manufacturing facility in Curitiba, HR13 can ship peak energy of 163 PS (160 hp) and a most of 250 Nm of torque at 1,600 rpm. The electrical motor will add one other 25 PS (34 hp) peak energy and 60 Nm of most torque. The engine is optimized to run on gasoline and ethanol flex fuels which are normal within the Brazilian market. This makes it one of many world’s first industrial marine powertrains designed to function with flex fuels whereas additionally supporting pure-ethanol combustion.

There is no such thing as a doubt that Horse Powertrain has all of the bases lined. No matter an organization’s wants are for powertrains, Horse has an answer out there. There definitely is a window of alternative right here for hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and flex-fuel powertrains. The one query is, how lengthy will that window stay open?

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Comau to amass warehousing automation agency Automha in strategic enlargement

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Comau to amass warehousing automation agency Automha in strategic enlargement

Automha manufactures quite a lot of warehouse automation gear. | Credit score: Automha

Italian robotics producer Comau has introduced a binding settlement to amass Automha, an Italian firm specializing in warehousing and intralogistics automation. Automha is presently owned by Trasma. The acquisition alerts a major transfer for Comau into the rising logistics sector and reinforces its dedication to its Italian roots.

Comau expects to shut the transaction within the second quarter of 2025, however it’s topic to customary regulatory approvals. Beneath the phrases of the settlement, the firm will purchase 100% of Automha’s shares. This strategic acquisition is anticipated to unlock new avenues for progress inside the increasing warehousing and logistics market, additional solidifying the creation of an Italian industrial automation hub poised for innovation and world competitiveness.

“Increasing our attain, know-how and know-how portfolio by the acquisition of revolutionary corporations equivalent to Automha is an important step in Comau’s progress technique, as outlined once we grew to become a stand-alone firm and carried out instantly after the closing part,” mentioned Pietro Gorlier, CEO of Comau. “Along with capitalizing on the sturdy progress potential of warehousing and intralogistics markets, the combination of Automha inside Comau will enable us to leverage our mixed experience and sources, to speed up innovation and progress throughout a variety of worldwide industrial sectors.”

Comau has emphasised that Automha will keep its present operational construction, administration staff, and strategic path, underscoring a dedication to its individuals, high quality, and innovation. Franco Togni will proceed to function the firm‘s CEO. Moreover, Gianni Togni and Roberta Togni will retain their present roles and also will be a part of Comau’s Govt Committee, contributing their experience to the longer term growth of each entities.

“In Comau, we’ve got discovered a accomplice who shares our values of high quality, innovation, and dedication to buyer success,” added Togni. “This new chapter represents not solely a second of progress for Automha but additionally a continuation of the journey that started in 1979. I stay up for the longer term that lies forward, realizing that along with Comau, we’ll proceed to construct excellence, increase our world affect and to succeed in a correct dimension to maintain a number one place in a market that’s rising competitiveness and mission dimensions.”


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This acquisition aligns with Comau’s broader strategic imaginative and prescient following a latest shift in its shareholder construction, which noticed One Fairness Companions, a world personal fairness agency, purchase a majority stake, enabling Comau to function as a standalone firm. The transfer to amass Automha underscores Comau’s dedication to strengthening its Italian operations and enhancing its world choices and worldwide presence.

For Automha, the acquisition presents a possibility for scale-up and additional enterprise growth by leveraging Comau’s in depth geographical attain and inside technological capabilities. The complementary nature of each corporations is anticipated to foster a stronger mutual portfolio of tasks, creating synergistic advantages for each organizations. This strategic alignment positions the mixed entity for enhanced innovation and a extra aggressive stance within the world automation panorama.

“Once we invested in Comau, we noticed a transparent path ahead to assist the corporate increase strategically and achieve scale. M&A is a major driver for this, and we recognized warehouse, logistics and dealing with automation techniques as a major alternative for this enterprise,” mentioned Ante Kusurin, Associate at One Fairness Companions. “The acquisition of Automha is a transfer towards diversification of Comau’s operations and additional faucets the corporate into industrial automation tendencies bettering productiveness throughout many industries. We’re excited for the chance forward of us as these two complementary corporations be a part of forces.”

ios – Share Extension to open containing app


How a Share Extension Opens Its Host App

The query is how a share extension, launched from a share sheet in a “international” app, i.e. an app that’s not the extension host app, could be made to summon its host app to the entrance.

The quick reply is that it might’t. That is not what a share extension is for. Nonetheless, many apps do the truth is have share extensions that do that; and the query is: how do they do it?

So let’s begin with a disclaimer: don’t really do what I am about to explain! It is unlawful and Apple does not need you to do it.

Half One: The Invisible Share Extension

The primary drawback is {that a} share extension has an interface, which goes to be introduced within the “international” app the place the share sheet launches the share extension. However we do not need this to occur, as a result of our share extension goes to modify to the host app as a substitute; the interface the consumer will see just isn’t a mere view controller’s view in entrance of the “international” app, however the precise host app.

The key to fixing this drawback is to acknowledge that, though we can not stop the share extension from presenting an interface, we can make that interface invisible. There are two components to doing this:

  • First, make the share extension’s interface consist solely of a view controller with a transparent, empty view. That approach, when the view is introduced in entrance of the share sheet within the “international” app, it will likely be invisible.

  • Second, within the share extension’s Information.plist, within the NSExtensionAttributes dictionary, add the NSExtensionActionWantsFullScreenPresentation key and set its worth, a Boolean, to YES. That approach, when the invisible view is introduced in entrance of the share sheet, the “international” app displaying the share sheet will not “shrink” to accomodate the introduced view as a “sheet”; the presentation can be .fullScreen and so the “international” app will stay full sized.

Half Two: The Customized Scheme

Our extension goes to run inside a “international” app, successfully as if it had been a part of the “international” app. How can a “international” app summon our app to the entrance? One answer is that our app can have a customized URL scheme, which the “international” app will inform the runtime to open.

So, within the app’s Information.plist, we’ll outline a customized URL scheme. (Apple has a doc, Defining a customized URL scheme to your app, that describes how to do that.)

Let’s faux that your customized scheme is mycustomscheme.

Half Three: The Extension Opens the Scheme

So as to summon the host app, the code in your extension’s view controller should open the host app’s customized scheme. Or, extra particularly, it should inform the host app’s shared UIApplication occasion to open the host app’s customized scheme, by calling this UIApplication occasion methodology:

func open(
    _ url: URL,
    choices: [UIApplication.OpenExternalURLOptionsKey : Any] = [:],
    completionHandler completion: (@MainActor @Sendable (Bool) -> Void)? = nil
)

However an extension can not communicate of UIApplication.shared — the compiler prevents it. Due to this fact we should (illegally) work round this restriction. A lot of the different solutions on this web page describe how to do that, though a few of them are additionally loaded with pointless cruft. It’s ample to have, in your share extension’s view controller, a way like this:

func openURL(_ url: URL?) {
    guard let url else { return }
    var responder: UIResponder? = self
    whereas responder != nil {
        if let software = responder as? UIApplication {
            software.open(url, choices: [:], completionHandler: nil)
            return
        }
        responder = responder?.subsequent
    }
}

Within the share extension’s view controller, you will name that methodology, with the URL akin to your customized scheme, i.e. URL(string: "mycustomscheme:").

Closing Remarks: Timing is The whole lot

I depart to you the query of how you will talk info from the share extension to the host app. Sometimes, your host app and share extension can have the identical app group, and the share extension will drop info, as a file or information, in that app group’s containerURL listing, the place the host app will look forward to finding it.

Your host app will then wish to reply when the customized scheme URL arrives, by trying the app group’s containerURL and retrieving the knowledge. The Apple doc that I already linked to tells you the best way to detect that your app has been despatched its customized scheme URL; in a contemporary, scene-based app, you’ll want to implement each scene(_:willConnectTo:choices:) and scene(_:openURLContexts:) within the scene delegate.

Returning, lastly, to your share extension, understand that the share extension view controller has obligations to meet. An excellent strategy is likely to be to implement beginRequest(with:) to save lots of off the NSExtensionContext in property, and to deposit the extension context’s connected info into the app group’s containerURL listing; after which implement viewWillAppear to name our openURL methodology (see above) and name the extension context’s completeRequest:

override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
    tremendous.viewWillAppear(animated)
    context?.completeRequest(returningItems: nil) { [weak self] _ in
        self?.openURL(URL(string: "mycustomscheme:"))
    }
}

The explanation for this association is that our openURL relies upon upon the view controller being within the view controller hierarchy, in order that it’s a part of the UIResponder chain and we will work our approach up the chain to search out the shared UIApplication occasion. viewWillAppear is the earliest second we will assure this.