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The Nice Realignment: What International Traders Should Know About China in 2025


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The world is in the midst of a structural reset—one the place world capital can now not faux geopolitics, local weather, and industrial coverage are background noise. From liquefied gasoline to lithium, from superior chips to synthetic intelligence, the foundations of the worldwide financial system are actually strategic terrain. It’s on this second—when buyers are attempting to kind hype from threat, narrative from actuality—that Jefferies funding financial institution is internet hosting a lineup of consultants who deliver unusually grounded perception into China’s position within the subsequent part of worldwide competitors and decarbonization. The occasion is titled: US China Summit – Understanding Geopolitical Rivalry & Strategic Priorities. This isn’t a postmortem. It’s a map of the place the fractures are forming and the place alternative, resilience, or failure might comply with. I’m honored to be among the many audio system.

Shaun Rein will open the occasion with a session titled “Will Sanctions and Tariffs on China Work?” and few are extra certified to deal with that query. Because the founding father of the China Market Analysis Group and a longtime advisor to Western multinationals navigating China’s client and regulatory panorama from his house base in Shanghai, Rein has argued persistently that U.S. financial strain campaigns are basically miscalibrated. In his ebook The Warfare for China’s Pockets, and in frequent interviews with Bloomberg, CNBC, and others, he’s emphasised the home power of Chinese language consumption, the Celebration’s potential to soak up and redirect strain, and the counterproductive nature of Western sanctions. He’s not defending Beijing—he’s explaining why it isn’t folding. For buyers, Rein’s perspective is an antidote to wishful considering. When you’re nonetheless hoping that tariffs will drive provide chains out of China or set off political realignment, Rein is prone to supply a sobering however obligatory recalibration.

I not too long ago contrasted Rein’s most up-to-date ebook, The Break up: Discovering the Alternatives in China’s Economic system within the New World Order with a Chinese language mainland senior economist’s not too long ago, highlighting that China just isn’t what the dominant western narrative, particularly that within the USA, says it’s.

Following Rein, Joanna Lewis will take the stage to debate “China’s Inexperienced Industrial Coverage.” Her tutorial work has mapped this area for years. As a Provost’s Distinguished Affiliate Professor at Georgetown and a lead writer on the IPCC’s Fifth Evaluation Report, Lewis is likely one of the most revered Western analysts of China’s renewable power technique. Her ebook Inexperienced Innovation in China dissected the best way China constructed its wind energy sector—not simply technologically, however institutionally—and he or she’s continued to analysis how state-led industrial coordination has underpinned the nation’s cleantech dominance. She’s spoken on the Asia Society, suggested the Vitality Basis China, and repeatedly proven how China’s method blends scale, coverage certainty, and world ambition. What Lewis brings to this dialog is not only description however sample recognition. She helps buyers perceive why Chinese language photo voltaic and EV corporations are exporting at margin-killing costs and the way that’s not a market failure—it’s a market technique.

Dr. Michal Meidan will prolong that logic in her session on “China’s Previous and Future Vitality System.” Because the Director of the China Vitality Analysis Programme on the Oxford Institute for Vitality Research, and a longtime analyst of China’s power safety posture, Meidan brings depth and nuance to what’s usually an oversimplified story. Her work spans Chinese language oil coverage, unbiased refining dynamics, and most not too long ago, the month-to-month evolution of China’s coal, gasoline, and renewables steadiness. In her previous roles at Eurasia Group and Vitality Features, she persistently emphasised the duality of China’s power technique—speedy clear power deployment paired with cussed reliance on coal. In her current public commentary, she’s highlighted the strain between short-term reliability and long-term decarbonization, particularly as China prepares to lean on home fossil belongings for power safety whereas persevering with to dominate clear tech exports. For buyers watching commodity markets or infrastructure funds, Meidan’s contribution will probably be important in understanding the place the danger curve lies.

Later within the morning, I’ll converse to the provision aspect of this method: how China turned the world’s dominant refiner and processor of essential minerals for each protection and clear expertise. From lithium and cobalt to uncommon earths and graphite, China controls 60% to 90% of worldwide midstream mineral processing capability. This isn’t only a clear power story—it’s a geopolitical chokepoint, and one which’s proving tough to diversify round. In my very own writing and evaluation, I’ve laid out why Western efforts to rebuild mineral provide chains are working into fundamental constraints: allowing delays, capital shortage, refining know-how, and the brutal timeline mismatch between political cycles and industrial growth. My discuss will lay out the place we’re, what’s sensible within the subsequent 5 years, and why China’s position in minerals isn’t going away anytime quickly.

Dr. John Helveston will comply with with a presentation titled “Competitors vs Collaboration Throughout Clear Tech: Is Reshoring Attainable?” Helveston is uniquely certified to reply that. As an assistant professor at George Washington College specializing in EV adoption, clear tech coverage, and China-U.S. industrial comparisons, he brings information, not dogma. His landmark comparative research of electrical automobile preferences in China and the U.S. helped clarify why China’s EV market scaled so rapidly—and why American consumers had been slower to shift. Extra not too long ago, his analysis has targeted on clear tech manufacturing dynamics and coverage suggestions loops. Helveston is skeptical of simplistic reshoring narratives. In previous op-eds and tutorial commentary, he’s argued that world clear tech success has relied on distributed provide chains, not nationwide self-sufficiency. He’s prone to body reshoring as expensive, incomplete, and—at greatest—selective. For buyers betting on U.S. battery crops, photo voltaic gigafactories, or IRA-fueled manufacturing, his perception will present important floor fact.

After lunch, consideration will shift from power to expertise with Reva Goujon’s discuss on “Semiconductor and AI Competitors.” At Rhodium Group, Goujon leads China company advisory and has lengthy been one of many clearest voices linking geopolitics with industrial and technological threat. Her time at Stratfor, the place she led world intelligence and strategic forecasting, sharpened her potential to mannequin how states behave when expertise turns into a nationwide safety asset. She’s been writing about China’s semiconductor ambitions for years, and in current Rhodium briefings, she’s parsed how export controls, funding screening, and AI governance battles are reshaping company technique. Goujon doesn’t deal with the chip warfare as a one-off coverage spat—it’s a structural break with a long time of worldwide tech integration. Her discuss is prone to join semiconductors with AI methods, mental property coverage, and the rising bifurcation of digital infrastructure. For buyers in superior manufacturing, cloud infrastructure, or AI software program, understanding the implications of this divide will probably be essential.

Closing the day is Michael Mehling with “Nice Energy Competitors: Local weather, Commerce, and Geostrategic Rivalry within the US.” Mehling operates on the intersection of regulation, coverage, and local weather economics, with roles at MIT’s Heart for Vitality and Environmental Coverage Analysis and the College of Strathclyde Regulation College. He’s been a key advisor on carbon pricing frameworks and has written extensively on the interplay between local weather coverage and worldwide commerce guidelines. Lately, Mehling has emphasised how industrial coverage instruments—carbon border changes, inexperienced subsidies, clear power credit—have gotten devices of strategic affect. He’s additionally warned that with out coordination, these instruments may spark a commerce warfare amongst allies, complicating the already fragile world decarbonization effort. On this session, he’s prone to discover how U.S. and EU local weather commerce insurance policies impression world flows of metal, cement, batteries, and hydrogen—and whether or not a multipolar local weather regime can maintain collectively underneath rising strain.

This occasion comes at a second of inversion: when what was once assumptions are actually dangers, and what was once noise—mineral flows, carbon coverage, allowing timelines—are actually sign. For world buyers, the message is evident. The longer term isn’t simply formed by technological innovation. It’s formed by who controls the inputs, who writes the principles, and who can execute coverage with coherence and scale. China is central to each a kind of levers, and understanding how and why is now not non-obligatory. It’s foundational. This occasion presents not only a analysis however a framework for motion—and one which, if taken critically, may assist keep away from the costliest misreads of the approaching decade.

This occasion is just open to Jefferies’ purchasers, so attain out to your consumer contact for those who haven’t obtained an invitation already. I’ll share my slides, speaking factors and the questions that had been requested, simply as I did with my final Jefferies consumer presentation on the way forward for electrical technology.

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Reworking mainframes for presidency effectivity


The primary Maserati was launched in 1926. The primary Ferrari was launched in 1947. And the primary Porsche was launched in 1948. And my private favourite, the primary Land Rover, additionally was launched in 1948.

What do every of those legendary automobiles have in widespread? 

Every predates the mainframe and COBOL, but nobody calls them outdated. Why? As a result of they’ve frequently advanced—embracing fashionable engineering, cutting-edge know-how, and innovation whereas sustaining the effectivity, efficiency, reliability, and excellence they have been constructed on. The identical is true for the mainframe.

But, regardless of a long time of steady transformation, some critics nonetheless cling to the parable that mainframes are outdated, inefficient, and unable to combine with fashionable IT methods. This couldn’t be farther from the reality. IBM’s z16, launched in 2023, was constructed for AI, and the z17, as a result of launch this 12 months,  is poised to deal with new workloads with unparalleled safety, scalability, and effectivity. COBOL, the spine of crucial purposes, is as straightforward to make use of as any fashionable programming language when paired with the correct instruments.

The issue isn’t the mainframe—it’s how we’ve managed and remodeled the purposes operating on it. As an alternative of strolling away from essentially the most dependable, safe, and high-performing computing platform in historical past, we should always concentrate on how it’s evolving to assist new workloads, AI-driven insights, and hybrid cloud integration.

A Quickly Modernizing House

The mainframe isn’t standing nonetheless. It’s taking over extra mission-critical workloads than ever, supporting all the things from AI-powered fraud detection to high-speed monetary transactions. In actual fact, a whopping 72 % of the world’s compute runs on mainframes whereas the platform makes up simply 8 % of IT prices.

Mainframe transformation includes two issues. First, growth groups have to harness mainframes’ computing energy, scale, and information storage capabilities. Second, they want these mainframe methods to align with the automation capabilities that their cousins within the cloud have adopted, making the mainframe software program growth life cycle extra environment friendly, eliminating guide processes, and growing the standard and velocity of legacy purposes. 

DevOps workflows alone received’t get us there, however instruments are bridging the hole. 

Relating to instruments, retailers want mainframe code to be managed identical to cloud or distributed purposes, enabling steady integration/steady growth pipelines, automated testing, and model management whereas sustaining compatibility with legacy environments.

Tradition and the developer expertise additionally play an necessary position in mainframe transformation. If the developer expertise for engineers is subpar, a lift to effectivity is unlikely to emerge. Eradicating guide bottlenecks, lowering or eliminating context switching, streamlining archaic growth processes, and adopting an agile tradition are all straightforward methods to enhance the developer expertise.

High-quality-Tuning the Mainframe for Authorities Effectivity

Prospects I discuss to typically describe three very totally different—however equally legitimate—paths for fine-tuning their mainframe technique. Some authorities businesses select a slow-and-steady method, increasing their mainframe footprint over time as wants evolve. “Our workloads are rising as our inhabitants grows,” one CIO advised me. “We’re not transferring off the mainframe—we’re rising with it.” For these businesses, there’s a pure rhythm of development that doesn’t require radical change, simply considerate funding as utilization expands.

Others are leaning into modernization by refactoring the code itself. With the assistance of Generative AI-powered code assistants, prospects are telling me they’re lastly in a position to sort out decades-old purposes with confidence. These instruments clarify unfamiliar code in plain language, doc it mechanically, and recommend finest practices for making adjustments. For presidency groups with restricted entry to senior mainframe builders, this new degree of code intelligence helps bridge the talents hole and enabling sooner, safer transformation of core purposes.

After which there are the businesses doubling down—reinvesting within the mainframe by upgrading to the newest zSystems and embracing DevOps practices throughout the board. “If we will do it on the distributed aspect, we should always be capable of do it on the mainframe,” one company chief advised me. By staying present, these organizations scale back technical debt, assist fashionable growth instruments, and guarantee seamless integration into their enterprise-wide DevOps workflows.

Future-Proofing the Mainframe

The builders working with mainframes are additionally enthusiastic about their future. A 2024 Forrester Report discovered that “amongst international infrastructure {hardware} decision-makers, 61% stated that their agency makes use of a mainframe. Of people who use mainframes, 54% indicated that their group would improve its use of a mainframe over the subsequent two years.”          

There’s additionally a large ecosystem of distributors constructing instruments to modernize the mainframes. 

That’s the reason you see increasingly more speak about synthetic intelligence, graphical scanning, and mapping instruments to parse, map, and refactor legacy code bases and monolithic code into extra manageable property. AI additionally provides organizations the power to rapidly onboard new assets and get them conversant in their code base sooner to change into extra productive. Builders can pinpoint obligatory adjustments sooner, lowering planning time and accelerating updates.

These tendencies are promising, and I don’t doubt that they might enable authorities companies to harness the mainframe’s information storage and processing energy whereas additionally adopting the agility that has been the hallmark of Silicon Valley.

MISUMI acquires Fictiv for $350M to scale part choices

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MISUMI acquires Fictiv for 0M to scale part choices

Fictiv mentioned its CNC components allow producers to scale with out the everyday boundaries of value, complexity, and threat. | Supply: Fictiv

MISUMI Group Inc., a provider of mechanical elements for the manufacturing trade, yesterday introduced that it’s buying Fictiv for $350 million. As soon as the all-cash transaction closes, the worldwide provide chain firm will be part of MISUMI.

With the transaction, MISUMI mentioned it is going to speed up improvement of methods that use synthetic intelligence via digitally native instruments constructed on prime of strong bodily infrastructure. The Tokyo-based firm mentioned it will permit it to construct real-world merchandise in an environment friendly, scalable means.

“Fictiv and MISUMI share a joint imaginative and prescient to make world-class manufacturing and provide chain capabilities simpler, extra accessible, extra clever, and democratized,” mentioned Dave Evans, the co-founder and CEO of Fictiv. “Giving extra groups the instruments to take their concepts from idea to actuality will unlock innovation to gasoline the developments we need to see on the planet.”

Shifts in commerce coverage and world tariffs, geopolitical uncertainty, logistics disruptions, and know-how developments are driving volatility and evolution within the manufacturing and provide chain industries, famous the businesses. MISUMI mentioned these challenges are exposing conventional manufacturing strategies which might be costly, inefficient, and opaque, creating inordinate threat in constructing and scaling merchandise.

Fictiv builds on AI-driven workflows

San Francisco-based Fictiv mentioned its world manufacturing provide chain brings collectively AI-driven know-how workflows, a world manufacturing community, and groups of native specialists. The firm‘s said objective is to simplify the method of sourcing customized mechanical elements.

Thus far, Fictiv mentioned it has produced greater than 35 million business and prototype elements for among the world’s most progressive merchandise throughout early-stage and enormous enterprises within the aerospace, robotics, clear power, shopper, and automotive sectors. It claimed that buyer adoption has grown quickly, accelerated additional by the current launch of manufacturing manufacturing options.

Producers can use Fictiv’s 4 world manufacturing facilities in India, Mexico, China, and the U.S., to entry high-quality manufacturing, optimize provide chain logistics, and mitigate provide chain threat, mentioned the corporate.


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MISUMI to provide elements at scale

MISUMI provides mechanical elements, instruments, consumables, and different merchandise to greater than 318,000 firms worldwide. Clients acknowledge its model for strict high quality conformance, world logistics excellence, and scalability provided by digital instruments and distinctive customization capabilities, the corporate asserted.

“From its earliest days, MISUMI’s tradition of ingenuity and innovation has made us a pacesetter and pioneer in making it simpler for purchasers to obtain manufacturing elements that match their wants,” mentioned Ryusei Ono, the consultant director and president of MISUMI Group. “Fictiv brings distinctive expertise, confirmed know-how, and a shared dedication to innovation. Collectively, MISUMI and Fictiv will amplify our clients’ ‘time worth.’”

MISUMI mentioned the addition of Fictiv will assist make its methods even higher and extra scalable, providing clients a single world platform able to constructing a complete invoice of supplies (BOM) “with world-class velocity, value, and high quality.”

Find out about vibration management in manufacturing and robotics

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In Episode 192 of The Robotic Report Podcast, co-host Eugene Demaitre interviews Rob Marshick, nationwide gross sales supervisor at ITT Enidine Inc.

Rob Marshick, Enidine National Sales Manager

Rob Marshick, Enidine Nationwide Gross sales Supervisor

The Orchard Park, N.Y.-based firm is a provider of engineered mechanical shock absorbers, vibration-isolation merchandise, and noise-attenuation merchandise. Enidine additionally offers deceleration gadgets and merchandise for hydraulic/pneumatic actuation, plus movement management and robotics purposes.

Enidine’s merchandise might be present in use all through the worldwide Industrial, rotorcraft, aviation, protection, rail, automation, and infrastructure markets.

Marchick has been with ITT Enidine for greater than 16 years in quite a lot of customer-facing and gross sales roles. On this episode, he explains the worth of those parts for robotics designers.

Present timeline

  • 5:00 – Steve Crowe and Mike Oitzman recap the week’s information
  • 27:00 – Gene interviews Rob Marshick, Enidine nationwide gross sales supervisor.

Information of the week

ABB plans to spin off robotics division

ABB Group yesterday introduced throughout its earnings name that it plans to spin off its robotics division right into a individually listed firm by the second quarter of 2026.

The Zurich-based firm reported that after a steep drop in 2023, international industrial robotics orders improved in Q1 of 2025. ABB cited rising demand for robots in portray, shopper electronics, meals and beverage, attire, and industrial equipment.

The unit, which is among the high robotics suppliers on the earth, presents industrial automation, collaborative robotic arms, and autonomous cellular robots (AMRs). ABB has additionally elevated its give attention to software program and synthetic intelligence, saying that greater than 80% of its choices are software program/AI-enabled.

ABB Robotics reportedly earned $2.3 billion in revenues in 2024. ABB Group’s Machine Automation division, presently a part of Robotics & Discrete Automation, will be part of the Course of Automation enterprise space in Q1 of 2026.

Hugging Face bridges hole between AI, bodily world with Pollen Robotics acquisition

Demonstrating its ambition to make robots the subsequent AI frontier, Hugging Face mentioned its buy of Pollen Robotics helps an open and customizable future, exemplified by Reachy 2. The $70,000 modular humanoid robotic, options VR teleoperation and stereo imaginative and prescient, and presently utilized in analysis and schooling at establishments like Cornell and Carnegie Mellon.

Autonomous trucking developer Kodiak Robotics to go public through SPAC

Kodiak Robotics Inc. this week mentioned it plans to go public by a special-purpose acquisition firm (SPAC). Its Kodiak Driver automated driving system integrates AI software program and modular {hardware} to sort out important transportation business challenges like driver shortages and supply calls for.

Gatik will get security validation from TUV SUD for autonomous logistics

Gatik introduced that TÜV SÜD has independently validated the Security Case Analysis and Practical Security phases of its Security Evaluation Framework. The framework recognized greater than 700 portfolios addressing key autonomous automobile (AV) security pillars, exceeding the self-certification commonplace within the business.

Cosmic Robotics will get funding to automate, speed up photo voltaic set up

Cosmic Robotics has secured $4 million in funding to develop AI-driven robots, beginning with the Cosmic-1A, to expedite the development of important infrastructure. The startup is initially specializing in large-scale photo voltaic vitality installations to deal with labor shortages and streamline U.S. vitality growth.

Overland AI launches ULTRA autonomous floor techniques for protection

Overland AI introduced the launch of its ULTRA uncrewed tactical platform, a totally autonomous and configurable floor system that includes a 454-kg (1,000-lb.) payload capability, a high velocity of 56 kph (35 mph), and a 161-km (100-mi.) cruising vary. It’s powered by a 85-kW (114 HP) gasoline engine with 1KW {of electrical} energy.


SITE AD for the 2025 Robotics Summit registration.
Register now so you do not miss out!


Podcast sponsored by Enidine

Established in 1966, Enidine is a premier provider of extremely engineered merchandise to increase tools life, enhance consolation, and improve security and reliability all through international industrial finish markets.

Enidine’s engineering crew has designed customized vitality absorption, vibration isolation, and noise attenuation options for all kinds of difficult purposes, together with automated storage and retrieval techniques (ASRS) and manufacturing facility automation.
Its big range of modern parts has confirmed to be important to clients’ success.

Study extra by going to www.enidine.com/en-us.

This Residing Constructing Materials Varieties Bone-Like Constructions and Might One Day Restore Itself

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Fungi are grasp engineers able to constructing huge networks underground. Now, researchers have harnessed their capabilities to create a residing constructing materials that could possibly be a sustainable various to cement and at some point even restore itself.

Nature has developed some spectacular constructing supplies that may typically go toe-to-toe with the very best human-made ones. Wooden, coral, and bone have glorious strength-to-weight ratios, they usually kind at room temperature from available provides.

It’s no marvel engineers have lengthy dreamed of harnessing these powers in human-made buildings. Now, scientists have mixed fungus and micro organism to create a residing materials that stays alive for as much as a month and might kind bone-like buildings. The researchers say this method might at some point be used to create structural elements that restore themselves.

“We’re enthusiastic about our outcomes and stay up for engineering extra complicated and bigger buildings,” Chelsea Heveran at Montana State College, who led the examine, instructed New Scientist. “When viability is sufficiently excessive, we might begin actually imparting lasting organic traits to the fabric that we care about, equivalent to self-healing, sensing, or environmental remediation.”

The brand new materials depends on a course of referred to as biomineralization. On this course of, cells flip calcium of their atmosphere into calcium carbonate deposits that harden underlying tissues or buildings, as within the formation of bone or coral. However sure microbes may produce calcium carbonate. Engineers have used the method to create “biocement” to seal cracks in oil-and-gas wells or produce masonry.

Nonetheless, the microbes usually solely dwell for just a few days, leaving the ultimate supplies inert. More and more, scientists are working to create “engineered residing supplies” the place the cells stay viable. These supplies might restore themselves, photosynthesize, or sense their atmosphere.

The Montana State researchers created their new materials by combining the structural engineering capabilities of fungus (Neurospora crassa) with the biomineralization capabilities of micro organism (Sporosarcina pasteurii). They described the work in a latest paper in Cell Reviews Bodily Science.

First, they coaxed the fungus’s mycelium—the community of root-like filaments that make up the majority of most fungi—to develop right into a mesh-like scaffold. They then added the micro organism to those scaffolds and positioned them in a calcium-rich development formulation, which the microbes transformed into calcium carbonate in simply 24 hours.

They discovered the fabric’s microbes remained viable for as much as 4 weeks after elimination from the formulation, when stored at 86 levels Fahrenheit. The researchers didn’t check whether or not the fabric might restore itself, however they are saying maintaining cells alive longer is a vital first step towards this aim.

The staff additionally created beam-like scaffolds that mimic the construction of cortical bone—the strongest sort of bone that gives its structural integrity—after which successfully mineralized them. Controlling the interior form of the scaffolds like this might considerably broaden the kinds of buildings and makes use of these supplies may goal.

One limitation is that the researchers couldn’t tradition the 2 species collectively. They needed to kill the fungus after it had grown the scaffold earlier than including the micro organism. This implies the fabric is simply partially residing, which might restrict what it may do down the road.

However the work opens new potentialities for the expansion of high-performance constructing supplies which can be each extra sustainable and embody sensible options like self-repair or energy technology.