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Nationwide Geothermal Month makes an attempt to clear the fog surrounding “an important element of the clear power transition”

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Nationwide Geothermal Month makes an attempt to clear the fog surrounding “an important element of the clear power transition”



Nationwide Geothermal Month makes an attempt to clear the fog surrounding “an important element of the clear power transition”
A geothermal energy plant in Salton Sea, California.

April is Nationwide Geothermal Month, with commerce associations supporting the seemingly vastly under-utilised1 renewable power type enterprise a worldwide effort to spotlight its transformative potential and promote unified messaging.

Whereas geothermal power has supplied a bonanza in components of the world the place such sources are extremely accessible and close to the Earth’s floor (notably in Iceland), its use elsewhere has been rather more restricted, however has nonetheless grown steadily.

It’s clear, quiet, dependable, and plentiful – so why isn’t it extra widespread? One component has been the up-front funding: Drilling contributes a lot of the historically excessive start-up prices, and partly explains its focus in areas possessing fortuitous geology, though that is altering with the emergence of latest expertise.

Getting the message out appears to be a giant a part of the issue, and geothermal power is dogged by poor public consciousness, inconsistent messaging, and a profusion of myths. An try to unify the geothermal neighborhood in a bid to dispel misconceptions and enhance engagement with broader audiences was the Geothermal Declaration of Communication, which appeared in late 2024.

Now, Geothermal Month makes an attempt to construct on the momentum of the declaration. By means of coordinated efforts, Geothermal Rising (stated to be the world’s oldest geothermal commerce affiliation, based in 1972) and its companions say they’re aiming to bridge the hole between technical experience and public notion, guaranteeing geothermal power will get the popularity it deserves as an important element of the clear power transition.

“Geothermal Month is a chance to not solely have fun this highly effective renewable power supply but in addition to reshape how we discuss it,” stated Bryant Jones, Government Director of Geothermal Rising. “By aligning our messaging, we are able to be certain that folks in all places perceive geothermal’s potential—from dependable baseload energy to its on a regular basis functions.”

The group stated the month-long occasion is about fostering collaboration and knowledge-sharing to place geothermal power as a cornerstone of the clear power transition. “By uniting the trade round a shared narrative, Geothermal Rising and its companions reinforce geothermal’s position in driving financial development, environmental sustainability, and neighborhood resilience.”

To be taught extra concerning the Geothermal Declaration of Communication and signal it, go to https://bit.ly/geothermaldoc

Notes
[1] Geothermal power contributes roughly 0.3% to 0.5% of worldwide electrical energy technology, in accordance with numerous sources. A 2023 report by the Worldwide Renewable Power Company (IRENA) notes that geothermal accounts for about 0.5% of renewables-based put in capability for electrical energy technology globally. Equally, a 2023 research revealed in Geothermal Power reported that geothermal electrical energy technology amounted to 96,552 GWh in 2021, representing 0.34% of the world’s electrical technology.

Turing Award Particular: A Dialog with John Hennessy

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Turing Award Particular: A Dialog with John Hennessy


John Hennessy is a pc scientist, entrepreneur, and tutorial recognized for his vital contributions to laptop structure. He co-developed the RISC structure, which revolutionized trendy computing by enabling quicker and extra environment friendly processors. Hennessy served because the president of Stanford College from 2000 to 2016 and later co-founded MIPS Pc Methods and Atheros Communications. Presently, he serves on the board of the Gordon and Betty Moore Basis, and is chair of the board of Alphabet.

John obtained the 2017 Turing Award “for pioneering a scientific, quantitative strategy to the design and analysis of laptop architectures with enduring impression on the microprocessor business.”

On this episode he joins Kevin Ball to speak about his life and profession.

Kevin Ball or KBall, is the vp of engineering at Mento and an impartial coach for engineers and engineering leaders. He co-founded and served as CTO for 2 firms, based the San Diego JavaScript meetup, and organizes the AI inaction dialogue group by means of Latent Area.

 

 

Please click on right here to see the transcript of this episode.

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Which is Higher for Your Cell App Journey?

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Which is Higher for Your Cell App Journey?


Annual gross sales of cell gadgets have reached virtually 17 billion items worldwide. Every year, the price of buying a cell system, particularly a smartphone, is lowering, making it accessible to everybody, not simply these with wealth.

Samsung and Apple have traditionally possessed massive shares of worldwide smartphone manufacturing, however Chinese language manufacturers are actually providing alternate options which can be proving well-liked around the globe.

So what are the outcomes?

On this article, we’ll delve into the newest statistics to evaluate whether or not the cell world is leaning in direction of Android and discover the issues for iOS vs Android growth.

Temporary Overview of the Cell Improvement Panorama

You possibly can receive some useful data from statistical knowledge by trying on the customers’ smartphone decisions.

Is the Mobile World Turning towards Android: iOS vs Android Development Statistics

iOS customers, for instance, usually tend to have a larger revenue than Android customers. This knowledge can influence your choices concerning the product’s monetization technique.

An iOS app stands out as the most worthwhile platform in case your monetization technique extremely is dependent upon in-app purchases. Nevertheless, in the event you intend to monetize via advert placements, Android could also be a greater possibility.

Android has the biggest international market share in low-income areas and growing nations on account of its broad worth vary and low entry-level worth level. It has a aggressive benefit over Apple in growing markets akin to Asia and Africa.

With each Android and iOS accounting for over 99% of the worldwide cell market share, firms trying to construct an app should think about each working techniques, however generally, on account of mission constraints akin to time and price range, they should select just one.

One other essential issue is the variety of builders constructing apps for every platform. Based on a world app developer report, the vast majority of cell software program builders had been engaged on Android and iOS in 2022.

Nevertheless, if we take into accounts the variety of purposes developed for every of the 2 working techniques, we are able to see that there are almost 4.8 million apps accessible within the Apple App Retailer and 2.6 million apps in Google Play.

Android vs iPhone Improvement Comparability Nation Sensible

If we make a short overview of how Android and iOS platforms are used continent-wise, we’ll discover the next tendencies. The largest quantity of programming on Android (over 55% of the whole variety of builders) is positioned in Japanese European nations, South Asia, and South America.

As you see, iOS is prevalent in North America and Oceania, whereas the remainder of the world principally makes use of Android-based gadgets.

One other determine to say is the breakdown of market share by common shopper age. Apple gadgets are chosen by 67% of 18 to 29-year-olds, whereas the distribution of working techniques amongst 55-65-year-olds is almost even: Android is favored by 49%, whereas iOS is utilized by 47%, and 4% use neither of the 2.

On high of that, earlier than growing a cell app, it’s helpful to know what monetary alternatives every working system gives.

Based on Statista, through the second quarter of 2022, the App Retailer alone raised $21.2 billion, whereas Google Play Retailer earned $10.4.

Regardless of the distinction in revenue figures, in 2022, Android held over 70% of the smartphone working system market. This success can be because of the costs of Android gadgets, that are normally cheaper than Apple’s.

Advantages of Every Platform

As you possibly can see, there’s no clear winner relating to evaluating whether or not Android or iOS is a greater platform. The vast majority of iOS and Android, cell app growth firms, consider that the selection of a platform is dependent upon the viewers you need to attain.

Is the Mobile World Turning towards Android: iOS vs Android Development Statistics

Let’s take a look at a number of the benefits that Android and iPhone app growth present to enterprise homeowners:

Android

  • Flexibility. The open-source surroundings permits customizing apps with no limitations.
  • Worldwide viewers. The platform has an rising presence in growing areas akin to Africa, Asia, and South America, in addition to a bigger general market share.
  • Tech-savvy customers. By way of the variety of technically-savvy customers and area of interest purposes, Android is the clear winner (fintech, IT, and others)
  • Design pointers. Builders can simply create a chic person interface utilizing Google design pointers.
  • Shorter approval time. It normally takes not than two days for Google Play to approve an app.

iOS

  • Capability to penetrate developed nations. Whenever you launch an iOS app, you’re primarily focusing on first-world nations like North America, Western Europe, or Oceania, which suggests you’ll have extra monetization alternatives.
  • Simpler growth course of. Because of this, your app can develop extra rapidly and at a decrease price.
  • Financially profitable market. Based on statistics, iOS customers spend virtually thrice extra money than Android customers, so that you’ll have a greater likelihood of launching a preferred e-commerce app on iOS.
  • Instruments for leisure or creativity. iOS is a well-liked gaming, social media, and innovation platform.
  • Excessive safety. iOS gives a complete system for safeguarding person knowledge for builders and enterprise homeowners.

Issues for Selecting Between iOS and Android

The selection between iOS and Android must be pushed by a complete understanding of each platforms and the way they align with the particular necessities of the cell app being developed.

Listed below are some key issues builders and companies ought to take into accout when deciding between the 2 platforms:

Goal Viewers

Perceive the demographics of your target market. Totally different areas and demographics could have various preferences for iOS or Android.

For instance, iOS is extra well-liked in wealthier nations, whereas Android is dominant in growing markets.

Additionally, analyze the conduct of your target market. Take into account components akin to system preferences, app utilization patterns, and spending habits. This data can information you towards the platform that aligns higher along with your customers’ preferences.

Monetization Technique

Consider your app’s monetization technique. In case your main income supply is in-app purchases or app purchases, think about the spending conduct of customers on every platform.

iOS customers, on common, are identified to spend extra on subscriptions and in-app purchases in comparison with Android customers.

Furthermore, discover the promoting alternatives on every platform. Android’s bigger person base could present extra visibility, however iOS customers are sometimes thought-about extra profitable for sure varieties of commercials.

Prices of Cell App Improvement for iOS and Android

Take into account the event instruments and assets required for every platform. Android builders sometimes work with Java or Kotlin, whereas iOS builders use Swift or Goal-C. Consider the proficiency of your growth workforce and the supply of assets for every platform.

Other than growth instruments, think about system fragmentation. The multitude of Android system producers and display screen sizes can result in additional growth and testing efforts.

Getting began with iOS growth is less complicated. With its restricted vary of gadgets, it presents a extra standardized surroundings.

App Approval Course of

Perceive the app approval processes for every platform. Apple’s App Retailer has a stringent consideration course of that gives a sure degree of high quality and reliability. This course of can delay app releases however contributes to the next normal of apps accessible to customers.

The submission course of for the Google Play Retailer is usually extra lenient, resulting in faster app releases. But, the platform’s openness additionally will increase the probabilities of encountering apps of decrease high quality.

Person Expertise and Design Pointers

iOS gives a extra even person expertise because of the restricted variety of system fashions. Apple’s design pointers are strict, guaranteeing a unified and polished search for iOS apps.

Is the Mobile World Turning towards Android: iOS vs Android Development Statistics

Android presents extra flexibility when it comes to customization however requires builders to adapt to totally different design pointers based mostly on the producer and system.

International Presence

Take into account the regional market share of every platform. In case your target market is international, it’s essential to pay attention to the dominant platform in several areas.

Lengthy-Time period Help and Updates

Assess the long-term help and replace insurance policies of every platform. iOS gadgets sometimes obtain updates concurrently, guaranteeing a constant person expertise. The varied ecosystem of Android could end in various timeframes for updates to succeed in all gadgets.

Backside Line

There isn’t a clear reply to the query of which OS is best for app growth. If you wish to make an app for iOS and Android, it is best to take note of varied components akin to target market, monetization objectives, and growth prices.

In the end, the choice ought to align with the particular aims and priorities of the app and its meant customers.

As each platforms proceed to develop and mature, staying knowledgeable concerning the newest tendencies and statistics is crucial for making well-informed choices within the dynamic panorama of cell growth.

At SCAND, we develop each customized iOS and customized Android app growth providers. To debate your mission, depart a request – we look ahead to bringing your modern concepts to life!

GreenBiz 2025: Making change now

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GreenBiz 2025: Making change now


At GreenBiz 2025 in Phoenix, Arizona, the latest cohort of Rising Leaders gathered with one clear objective: to construct connections, be taught from each other and push the dialog ahead. The Rising Leaders program is greater than an occasion; it’s an ongoing community designed to provide early-career sustainability professionals entry to mentorship, skilled growth and the instruments they should navigate the complexities of management in a quickly evolving area.

What does it imply to be an rising chief in sustainability at this time? For this group, it’s about translating ardour into impression throughout a variety of organizations and roles. “I exploit a mixture of scientific acumen, coverage understanding and communication expertise to advance local weather resilience and environmental stewardship,” Anirban Kundu stated, reflecting the interdisciplinary mindset that many leaders are embracing.

One of many largest challenges dealing with this cohort is navigating slow-moving organizational buildings. Jøn Kent, co-founder of Sanctuary Farms and Sacred Earth, described the problem of “navigating silos inside massive organizations and translating sustainability throughout departments.” Equally, Malayah Redmond famous the problem of influencing selections inside complicated hierarchies and discovering methods to spark urgency round local weather objectives when processes can really feel frustratingly gradual.

Regardless of these structural challenges, the cohort reveals outstanding adaptability. Shreya Sonar, who leads Circularity at Schneider Electrical, stated that shifting enterprise mindsets is an ongoing problem, however one she tackles by translating sustainability objectives into enterprise worth propositions that resonate with management.

Communication emerged as an important talent for these leaders. Amidat Sonekan, a graduate scholar targeted on enhancing international local weather resilience, mirrored, “I’ve discovered that phrases matter, rather a lot. It’s wildly necessary to be intentional with language and acknowledge the way it shapes understanding and outcomes.” Sarah Nerette echoed this sentiment, describing the significance of slowing down and guaranteeing the issue is absolutely understood earlier than leaping to options.

One other recurring theme was the emotional weight of management. Many leaders are managing not solely technical and strategic challenges but in addition the burden of expectations and the need to make actual change. This balancing act requires each resilience and humility. Dhruv Jhaveri stated, “As a BIPOC immigrant within the sustainability area, imposter syndrome and systemic boundaries typically make it tough to interrupt by way of entrenched networks and have my voice heard in decision-making areas.” For Jhaveri, main in sustainability typically means getting into uncertainty with confidence, even when clear solutions aren’t out there.

Bridging generational and institutional gaps additionally surfaced as a problem. The Rising Leaders program itself fosters intergenerational conversations, serving to these younger leaders join with extra seasoned professionals. However translating new concepts into established methods requires diplomacy and persistence. Francesca Edralin, who works on the intersection of company sustainability and local weather coverage, describes it as balancing idealism with pragmatism, pushing for systemic change whereas understanding institutional constraints.

All through these conversations, one factor is obvious: This era of rising leaders isn’t ready for good circumstances. They’re getting into complicated areas, studying in actual time, and constructing the way forward for sustainability with curiosity and willpower. Their insights present us not solely the place the sector is headed however how resilient, artistic and considerate management can form outcomes in unsure instances.

The 2025 Rising Leaders Cohort:

  • Amidat Sonekan — Scholar, MBA/MS Surroundings and Sustainability, College of Michigan-Ann Arbor
  • Anirban Kundu — Senior ESG Guide, Anthesis Consulting (Canada) Inc., Ph.D.
  • Dhruv Jhaveri — Senior Analyst, Environmental Assets Administration (ERM)
  • Francesca Edralin — Affiliate Specialist, Client Engagement, WWF
  • Jøn Kent — Co-Founder, Sanctuary Farms
  • Laura Miller — Program Analyst, D.C. Division of Vitality and Surroundings
  • Lucia Castellares Tello — Scholar, Environmental Administration, Yale College of the Surroundings
  • Malayah Redmond — Senior Affiliate, Firm Community, Ceres
  • Maria Corona — Co-Govt Director of CA Inexperienced Enterprise Community
  • Rachel Haynes — Program Supervisor, North Carolina State College
  • Samia Aboni — Grasp’s in Environmental Administration Candidate ’26, Duke College
  • Sarah Nerette — Sustainability Applications Supervisor, CELI, NSBE, Wild Virginia
  • Sherida Hinckson — President, Inexperienced Quotient Options
  • Shreya Sonar — Circularity Senior Program Supervisor, Schneider Electrical
  • Sydney Williams — Scholar, Grasp’s of Environmental Administration with concentrations in Vitality and Knowledge Analytics and Modeling, Duke College-The Nicholas College of Surroundings

ios – Apple In-App Buy Webhook Failing with Standing 21002 (Invalid Receipt Information)

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ios – Apple In-App Buy Webhook Failing with Standing 21002 (Invalid Receipt Information)


I am dealing with iOS in-app buy webhooks in my Node.js backend utilizing Categorical. My webhook processes one-time purchases and verifies the transaction with Apple. Nevertheless, I am encountering a “standing”: 21002 error when verifying the receipt.

import { Request, Response } from "specific";
import { formatJsonRes } from "../utils/helper.ts";
import { IosWebhookService } from "../providers/iosWebhook.service.ts";
import { IOS_EVENT_TYPES, IOS_EVENT_SUB_TYPES } from "../utils/constants.ts";

const iosWebhookService = new IosWebhookService();

export const unifiedWebhookHandler = async (
  req: Request,
  res: Response
): Promise => {
  strive {
    const { signedPayload } = req.physique;
    console.log("reqBody: ", JSON.stringify(req.physique, null, 2));

    const occasion =
      await iosWebhookService.processWebhookNotification(signedPayload);
    console.log("occasion: ", JSON.stringify(occasion, null, 2))

    swap (occasion.notificationType) {
      case IOS_EVENT_TYPES.ONE_TIME_CHARGE: {
        await iosWebhookService.handleCoinPurchaseEvent(occasion);
        await iosWebhookService.verifyTransactionAndContent(signedPayload);
        break;
      }
...
      }
      default:
        break;
    }
    return formatJsonRes(res, 200, {
      standing: "success",
      message: "Webhook processed efficiently",
    });
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
    return formatJsonRes(res, 200, error);
  }
};

verifyTransactionAndContent:

async verifyTransactionAndContent(signedPayload: any): Promise {
    strive {
      if (!signedPayload) {
        console.error("Lacking receipt or transaction data");
        return false;
      }

      const verificationResponse =
        await this.verifyReceiptWithApple(signedPayload);
      if (!verificationResponse) {
        console.error("Receipt verification failed");
        return false;
      }

      return true;
    } catch (error) {
      console.error("Error verifying transaction:", error);
      return false;
    }
  }

verifyReceiptWithApple:

personal readonly RECEIPT_VERIFICATION = {
    PRODUCTION_URL: "https://purchase.itunes.apple.com/verifyReceipt",
    SANDBOX_URL: "https://sandbox.itunes.apple.com/verifyReceipt",
    SHARED_SECRET: "b8...",
    STATUS_CODES: {
      SUCCESS: 0,
      SANDBOX_RECEIPT: 21007,
      INVALID_RECEIPT: 21002,
      AUTH_ERROR: 21003,
    },
  } as const;

personal async verifyReceiptWithApple(
    receipt: string
  ): Promise {
    const requestBody = {
      "receipt-data": receipt,
      password: this.RECEIPT_VERIFICATION.SHARED_SECRET,
      "exclude-old-transactions": true,
    };

    strive {
      let response = await this.makeVerificationRequest(
        this.RECEIPT_VERIFICATION.PRODUCTION_URL,
        requestBody
      );

      if (
        response.standing ===
        this.RECEIPT_VERIFICATION.STATUS_CODES.SANDBOX_RECEIPT
      ) {
        console.log(
          "Receipt is from sandbox atmosphere, retrying with sandbox URL..."
        );
        response = await this.makeVerificationRequest(
          this.RECEIPT_VERIFICATION.SANDBOX_URL,
          requestBody
        );
      }

      return this.handleVerificationResponse(response);
    } catch (error) {
      console.error("Error verifying receipt:", error);
      return null;
    }
  }

Related logs:

reqBody

reqBody:  {
  "signedPayload": "eyJhbGciOiJFUzI1NiIsIng1YyI6WyJNSUlFTURDQ0E3YWdBd0lCQ..."
}

occasion:

occasion:  {
  "notificationType": "ONE_TIME_CHARGE",
  "notificationUUID": "a45cab71-85d5-488f-9a5c-f2207d2cde48",
  "atmosphere": "Sandbox",
  "transactionInfo": {
    "transactionId": "2000000889482224",
    "originalTransactionId": "2000000889482224",
    "bundleId": "com.chatreal.ai",
    "productId": "com.chatreal.cash.silver_pack",
    "purchaseDate": 1743665721000,
    "originalPurchaseDate": 1743665721000,
    "amount": 1,
    "kind": "Consumable",
    "appAccountToken": "e1ed7fb9-3da8-4bb9-ade2-b66043c3ce16",
    "inAppOwnershipType": "PURCHASED",
    "signedDate": 1743665732143,
    "atmosphere": "Sandbox",
    "transactionReason": "PURCHASE",
    "storefront": "IND",
    "storefrontId": "143467",
    "value": 999000,
    "foreign money": "INR",
    "appTransactionId": "704346128300986174"
  }
}

Error:

Occasion Sort: RECEIPT_VERIFICATION_RESPONSE
Timestamp: 2025-04-03T07:35:34.774Z
Information: {
  "standing": 21002
}
===============================

Invalid receipt information offered
Receipt verification failed

The standing 21002 error signifies invalid receipt information.

The signedPayload appears to be like right when logged.

The identical payload is handed to verifyReceiptWithApple().

Apple’s documentation suggests this occurs because of malformed or incorrect base64 encoding of the receipt.

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