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ios – Find out how to repair animation mixing?

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ios – Find out how to repair animation mixing?


I’ve a code that scrolls by means of full-screen photos ahead and backward when tapping the left or proper facet of the display screen. When a picture seems on the display screen, it performs one of many animation sorts: high, backside, left, proper, zoomin, zoomout — every of those animations consists of two sub-animations (the primary animation is quick, and the second is looped).

The issue is that generally, when switching photos, the animation coordinates stack. Below regular circumstances, animations ought to solely have an effect on both X, Y, or Scale. However in my case, it generally occurs that photos transfer diagonally (X + Y), the animation goes past the picture boundaries, and I see black areas on the display screen. This should not occur. How can I repair this?

I am utilizing removeAllAnimations earlier than every animation, but it surely would not assist.

full code:

class ReaderController: UIViewController, CAAnimationDelegate {
    
    var pagesData = [PageData]()
    var index = Int()
    var pageIndex: Int = -1
    
    let pageContainer: UIView = {
        let view = UIView()
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    }()
    
    let pageViews: [PageLayout] = {
        let view = [PageLayout(), PageLayout()]
        view[0].translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        view[1].translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    }()
    
    personal weak var currentTransitionView: PageLayout?
        
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        tremendous.viewDidLoad()

        setupViews()
        setupConstraints()

        pageViews[0].index = index
        pageViews[1].index = index
        pageViews[0].pageIndex = pageIndex
        pageViews[1].pageIndex = pageIndex
        
        pageTransition(animated: false, course: "fromRight")
    }
        
    func setupViews() {
        pageContainer.addSubview(pageViews[0])
        pageContainer.addSubview(pageViews[1])
        view.addSubview(pageContainer)
    }
        
    func setupConstraints() {
        pageContainer.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor, fixed: 0.0).isActive = true
        pageContainer.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor, fixed: 0.0).isActive = true
        pageContainer.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor, fixed: 0.0).isActive = true
        pageContainer.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor, fixed: 0.0).isActive = true

        pageViews[0].topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pageContainer.topAnchor).isActive = true
        pageViews[0].bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pageContainer.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
        pageViews[0].leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pageContainer.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
        pageViews[0].trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pageContainer.trailingAnchor).isActive = true

        pageViews[1].topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pageContainer.topAnchor).isActive = true
        pageViews[1].bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pageContainer.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
        pageViews[1].leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pageContainer.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
        pageViews[1].trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pageContainer.trailingAnchor).isActive = true
    }
        
    func loadData(fileName: Any) -> PagesData {
        var url = NSURL()
        url = Bundle.essential.url(forResource: "textual content", withExtension: "json")! as NSURL
        let information = strive! Information(contentsOf: url as URL)
        let particular person = strive! JSONDecoder().decode(PagesData.self, from: information)
        return particular person
    }
    
    override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set, with occasion: UIEvent?) {
        for contact in touches {
            let location = contact.location(in: view.self)

            if view.safeAreaInsets.left > 30 {
                if (location.x > self.view.body.measurement.width - (view.safeAreaInsets.left * 1.5)) {
                    pageTransition(animated: true, course: "fromRight")
                } else if (location.x < (view.safeAreaInsets.left * 1.5)) {
                    pageTransition(animated: true, course: "fromLeft")
                }
            }

            else {
                if (location.x > self.view.body.measurement.width - 40) {
                    pageTransition(animated: true, course: "fromRight")
                } else if (location.x < 40) {
                    pageTransition(animated: true, course: "fromLeft")
                }
            }
        }
        
    }
    
    func pageTransition(animated: Bool, course: String) {
        let end result = loadData(fileName: pagesData)
        
        swap course {
        case "fromRight":
            pageIndex += 1
        case "fromLeft":
            pageIndex -= 1
        default: break
        }
        
        pageViews[0].pageIndex = pageIndex
        pageViews[1].pageIndex = pageIndex
        
        guard pageIndex >= 0 && pageIndex < end result.pagesData.depend else {
            pageIndex = max(0, min(pageIndex, end result.pagesData.depend - 1))
            return
        }
        
        let fromView = pageViews[0].isHidden ? pageViews[1] : pageViews[0]
        let toView = pageViews[0].isHidden ? pageViews[0] : pageViews[1]
        toView.imageView.layer.removeAllAnimations()
        toView.imageView.rework = .id
        toView.configure(theData: end result.pagesData[pageIndex])
        if animated {
            fromView.isHidden = true
            toView.isHidden = false
        } else {
            fromView.isHidden = true
            toView.isHidden = false
        }
    }
    
}

class PageLayout: UIView {
            
    var index = Int()
    var pageIndex = Int()
    
    let imageView: UIImageView = {
        let picture = UIImageView()
        picture.contentMode = .scaleAspectFill
        picture.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return picture
    }()

    var imageViewTopConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint()
    var imageViewBottomConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint()
    var imageViewLeadingConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint()
    var imageViewTrailingConstraint = NSLayoutConstraint()
    
    var imagePosition = ""
    
    override init(body: CGRect) {
        tremendous.init(body: body)
        addSubview(imageView)
        setupConstraints()
    }
    
    func setupConstraints() {
        
        imageView.layer.removeAllAnimations()
        imageView.rework = .id
        
        removeConstraints([imageViewTopConstraint, imageViewBottomConstraint, imageViewLeadingConstraint,
                           imageViewTrailingConstraint])
        
        swap imagePosition {
            
        case "high":
            
            imageView.rework = .id
            
            imageViewTopConstraint = imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, fixed: -40.0)
            imageViewBottomConstraint = imageView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewLeadingConstraint = imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewTrailingConstraint = imageView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            
            addConstraints([imageViewTopConstraint, imageViewBottomConstraint, imageViewLeadingConstraint, imageViewTrailingConstraint])
            
            UIView.animate(withDuration: 2.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveEaseOut, .allowUserInteraction, .beginFromCurrentState], animations: {
                self.imageView.rework = CGAffineTransform(translationX: 0, y: 40.0)
            }, completion: { _ in
                UIView.animate(withDuration: 6.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveLinear, .autoreverse, .repeat, .beginFromCurrentState, .allowUserInteraction], animations: {
                    self.imageView.rework = self.imageView.rework.translatedBy(x: 0, y: -40.0)
                }, completion: nil)
            })
            
        case "backside":
            
            imageView.rework = .id
            
            imageViewTopConstraint = imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewBottomConstraint = imageView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomAnchor, fixed: 40.0)
            imageViewLeadingConstraint = imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewTrailingConstraint = imageView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            
            addConstraints([imageViewTopConstraint, imageViewBottomConstraint, imageViewLeadingConstraint, imageViewTrailingConstraint])
            
            UIView.animate(withDuration: 2.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveEaseOut, .allowUserInteraction, .beginFromCurrentState], animations: {
                self.imageView.rework = CGAffineTransform(translationX: 0, y: -40)
            }, completion: { _ in
                UIView.animate(withDuration: 6.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveLinear, .autoreverse, .repeat, .beginFromCurrentState, .allowUserInteraction], animations: {
                    self.imageView.rework = self.imageView.rework.translatedBy(x: 0, y: 40)
                }, completion: nil)
            })
            
        case "left":
            
            imageView.rework = .id
            
            imageViewTopConstraint = imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewBottomConstraint = imageView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewLeadingConstraint = imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor, fixed: -40.0)
            imageViewTrailingConstraint = imageView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            
            addConstraints([imageViewTopConstraint, imageViewBottomConstraint, imageViewLeadingConstraint, imageViewTrailingConstraint])
            
            UIView.animate(withDuration: 2.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveEaseOut, .allowUserInteraction, .beginFromCurrentState], animations: {
                self.imageView.rework = CGAffineTransform(translationX: 40, y: 0)
            }, completion: { _ in
                UIView.animate(withDuration: 6.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveLinear, .autoreverse, .repeat, .beginFromCurrentState, .allowUserInteraction], animations: {
                    self.imageView.rework = self.imageView.rework.translatedBy(x: -40, y: 0)
                }, completion: nil)
            })
            
        case "proper":
            
            imageView.rework = .id
            
            imageViewTopConstraint = imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewBottomConstraint = imageView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewLeadingConstraint = imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewTrailingConstraint = imageView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor, fixed: 40.0)
            
            addConstraints([imageViewTopConstraint, imageViewBottomConstraint, imageViewLeadingConstraint, imageViewTrailingConstraint])
            
            UIView.animate(withDuration: 2.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveEaseOut, .allowUserInteraction, .beginFromCurrentState], animations: {
                self.imageView.rework = CGAffineTransform(translationX: -40, y: 0)
            }, completion: { _ in
                UIView.animate(withDuration: 6.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveLinear, .autoreverse, .repeat, .beginFromCurrentState, .allowUserInteraction], animations: {
                    self.imageView.rework = self.imageView.rework.translatedBy(x: 40, y: 0)
                }, completion: nil)
            })
            
        case "zoomin":
            
            imageView.rework = CGAffineTransformScale(.id, 1.0, 1.0)
            
            imageViewTopConstraint = imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewBottomConstraint = imageView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewLeadingConstraint = imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewTrailingConstraint = imageView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            
            addConstraints([imageViewTopConstraint, imageViewBottomConstraint, imageViewLeadingConstraint, imageViewTrailingConstraint])
            
            UIView.animate(withDuration: 2.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveEaseOut, .allowUserInteraction, .beginFromCurrentState], animations: {
                self.imageView.rework = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: 1.1, y: 1.1)
            }, completion: { _ in
                UIView.animate(withDuration: 6.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveLinear, .autoreverse, .repeat, .beginFromCurrentState, .allowUserInteraction], animations: {
                    self.imageView.rework = .id
                }, completion: nil)
            })
            
        case "zoomout":
            
            imageView.rework = CGAffineTransformScale(.id, 1.1, 1.1)
            
            imageViewTopConstraint = imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewBottomConstraint = imageView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewLeadingConstraint = imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewTrailingConstraint = imageView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            
            addConstraints([imageViewTopConstraint, imageViewBottomConstraint, imageViewLeadingConstraint, imageViewTrailingConstraint])
            
            UIView.animate(withDuration: 2.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveEaseOut, .allowUserInteraction, .beginFromCurrentState], animations: {
                self.imageView.rework = CGAffineTransform(scaleX: 1.0, y: 1.0)
            }, completion: { _ in
                UIView.animate(withDuration: 6.0, delay: 0, choices: [.curveLinear, .autoreverse, .repeat, .beginFromCurrentState, .allowUserInteraction], animations: {
                    self.imageView.rework = self.imageView.rework.scaledBy(x: 1.1, y: 1.1)
                }, completion: nil)
            })
            
        default:
            
            imageView.rework = .id
            
            imageViewTopConstraint = imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewBottomConstraint = imageView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewLeadingConstraint = imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            imageViewTrailingConstraint = imageView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor, fixed: 0.0)
            
            addConstraints([imageViewTopConstraint, imageViewBottomConstraint, imageViewLeadingConstraint, imageViewTrailingConstraint])
        }
    }
        
    func configure(theData: PageData) {
        imageView.picture = UIImage(named: "web page(pageIndex+1)")
        imagePosition = theData.imagePosition
        setupConstraints()
    }
    
    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("Not taking place")
    }
    
}

struct PagesData: Decodable {
    var pagesData: [PageData]
}

struct PageData: Decodable {
    let textData, textPosition, textColor, shadowColor, textAlignment, imagePosition: String
}

JSON:

{
    "pagesData" : [
        
        {
            "textData" : "",
            "textPosition" : "topLeft",
            "textColor" : "FFFFFF",
            "shadowColor" : "000000",
            "textAlignment" : "left",
            "imagePosition" : "left",
        },
        
        {
            "textData" : "",
            "textPosition" : "bottomLeft",
            "textColor" : "FFFFFF",
            "shadowColor" : "000000",
            "textAlignment" : "left",
            "imagePosition" : "bottom",
        },
        
        {
            "textData" : "",
            "textPosition" : "zoomin",
            "textColor" : "FFFFFF",
            "shadowColor" : "000000",
            "textAlignment" : "left",
            "imagePosition" : "right",
        },
        
        {
            "textData" : "",
            "textPosition" : "bottomCenter",
            "textColor" : "FFFFFF",
            "shadowColor" : "000000",
            "textAlignment" : "left",
            "imagePosition" : "zoomout",
        },
        
        {
            "textData" : "",
            "textPosition" : "topLeft",
            "textColor" : "FFFFFF",
            "shadowColor" : "000000",
            "textAlignment" : "left",
            "imagePosition" : "left",
        },
        
    ]
}

Defending In opposition to HNDL Assaults At this time

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Defending In opposition to HNDL Assaults At this time


Within the ever-evolving panorama of cybersecurity, HNDL (Harvest Now, Decrypt Later) is rising as a silent however severe risk. It doesn’t require an attacker to interrupt encryption at present—it simply bets that they are going to be ready to take action tomorrow.

What’s HNDL?

HNDL is a long-term knowledge breach technique during which adversaries intercept and retailer encrypted knowledge at present, with the intention of decrypting it sooner or later when computing energy—significantly quantum computing—makes breaking present cryptography possible. The worth of the information doesn’t have to be speedy. Delicate medical data, confidential enterprise contracts, protection communications, or citizen knowledge can all retain strategic worth years down the street.

Why Ought to You Be Involved?

  • Quantum computing shouldn’t be science fiction anymore. Progress is accelerating, and whereas sensible quantum decryption should be years away, risk actors (together with state-sponsored teams) are already getting ready by harvesting knowledge now.
  • Most encryption used at present (like RSA and ECC) will finally be weak to quantum assaults until up to date with post-quantum cryptography (PQC).
  • You might by no means comprehend it’s taking place. In contrast to ransomware or denial-of-service assaults, HNDL leaves no speedy hint.

What Ought to Organizations Do?

You don’t want a crystal ball to defend in opposition to future dangers—you want a roadmap. Right here’s easy methods to act now:

1.        Stock and Classify Your Cryptographic Property

  • Begin with a crypto-agility evaluation: Determine all cases of cryptographic use throughout your infrastructure, together with TLS, VPNs, inside apps, backups, and cloud integrations.
  • Categorize the knowledge sensitivity and longevity of confidentiality required. Something that should keep confidential for greater than 3-5 years is doubtlessly in danger from HNDL.

2.        Prioritize Lengthy-Lived, Excessive-Sensitivity Site visitors

  • VPN tunnels, database backups, and software program distribution methods are prime targets for HNDL.
  • Site visitors between core methods and long-term logs are particularly weak.

3.        Undertake Publish-Quantum Cryptography The place It Issues Most

  • Start testing or deploying hybrid cryptographic protocols (e.g., classical + PQC) that meet each present and future safety wants.
  • Search for standards-compliant options like these aligned with NIST’s FIPS 203/204/205 (for ML-KEM, ML-DSA, and SLH-DSA).

4.        Demand PQC Roadmaps from Your Distributors

  • Ask your safety distributors and infrastructure suppliers what they’re doing to assist PQC and mitigate HNDL.
  • Search interoperability assessments and pilot deployments—don’t watch for full productization.

5.        Defend the Channel, Not Simply the Endpoint

  • Even when your endpoints are safe, visitors in transit is weak to interception.
  • Safe communication channels (IPsec, TLS, MACsec) ought to evolve to assist PQC as a high precedence.

Remaining Thought

HNDL isn’t only a future drawback—it’s a gift danger disguised by time. Organizations that wait till quantum computer systems are totally operational will have already got misplaced the battle for his or her previous knowledge. The time to behave is now.

If you’re headed for the #RSAC, you may be taught extra from the Cisco session on Architecting the Way forward for Safety by Cisco Thought Chief Tim Rowley on Tuesday, April twenty ninth 2025 at 10:30 am on the Cisco Safety Sales space #N5845. We’d love to attach and change concepts as we put together for the brand new frontiers in safety.

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High quality begins with planning: Constructing software program with the best mindset

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High quality begins with planning: Constructing software program with the best mindset


When most builders take into consideration testing, they think about writing unit assessments, working check suites, or triaging bugs. However efficient testing is excess of that. It’s a cornerstone of dependable software program supply. It ensures enterprise continuity, retains customers completely satisfied, and helps keep away from expensive surprises in manufacturing. For contemporary improvement groups in fast-moving agile or DevOps environments, testing isn’t just a field to test, it’s a mindset that should be baked into each part of software program improvement. And that mindset begins lengthy earlier than the primary line of code is written.

Too typically, high quality is seen because the accountability of QA engineers. Builders write the code, QA assessments it, and ops groups deploy it. However in high-performing groups, that mannequin not works. High quality isn’t one workforce’s job; it’s everybody’s job.

Architects defining system elements, builders writing code, product managers defining options, and launch managers planning deployments all contribute to delivering a dependable product. When high quality is owned by your entire workforce, testing turns into a collaborative effort. Builders write testable code and contribute to check plans. Product managers make clear edge circumstances throughout necessities gathering. Ops engineers put together for rollback eventualities. This collective method ensures that no side of high quality is left to probability.

“Shift Left” Means Begin on the Begin

The time period “shift left” has been round for some time, but it surely’s typically misunderstood. Many assume it merely means writing assessments earlier within the improvement course of. That’s true, but it surely’s simply a part of the story.

Shifting left begins not within the construct part, however in planning. It begins when necessities are gathered, when groups first talk about what to construct. That is the place the seeds of high quality are planted. If necessities are unclear, incomplete, or lack consideration of dependencies and edge circumstances, then no quantity of downstream testing can totally shield the product.

For builders, this implies partaking early, asking questions on person flows, integration factors, edge circumstances, and enterprise logic. It means partnering with product managers to make clear use circumstances and collaborating with QA to develop complete check eventualities from the outset.

Construct the Proper Factor, the Proper Means

One of many largest causes of software program failure isn’t constructing the unsuitable means, it’s constructing the unsuitable factor. You may write completely clear, well-tested code that works precisely as supposed and nonetheless fail your customers if the function doesn’t clear up the best drawback.

That’s why testing should begin with validating the necessities themselves. Do they align with enterprise objectives? Are they technically possible? Have we thought-about the downstream affect on different techniques or elements? Have we outlined what success appears to be like like?

Builders play a key position right here. Asking “what if?” and “why?” throughout planning classes helps form necessities that aren’t solely testable, however significant. This upfront curiosity prevents wasted effort later.

Testing Is a Technique, Not an Afterthought

Testing shouldn’t simply be about executing scripts after the code is full. It needs to be a technique built-in into the event lifecycle. That features:

  • Unit Exams: to catch points on the perform or module stage
  • Integration Exams: to make sure that elements work collectively as anticipated
  • Finish-to-Finish Exams: to validate person workflows from a real-world perspective
  • Efficiency Exams: to catch scalability or latency points earlier than they affect customers
  • Exploratory Testing: to uncover sudden behaviors and edge circumstances

Extra importantly, the check plan needs to be tied to the danger profile of the function. A small UI tweak doesn’t want the identical rigor as a important backend change that touches monetary information. Planning this out prematurely retains testing efforts environment friendly and targeted.

High quality Mindset in Launch Administration

Usually ignored, launch administration is a key piece of the standard puzzle. You may have nice code and thorough assessments, but when your deployment course of is flawed, customers will nonetheless endure.

That’s why the standard mindset should prolong to the workforce accountable for getting code into manufacturing. Earlier than something is deployed, there needs to be a plan to confirm the change in production-like environments, monitor its habits after launch, and roll it again shortly if wanted.

For builders, this implies partnering with ops and SRE groups early within the lifecycle. Understanding how your code can be deployed, what logging and monitoring can be in place, and the way errors can be dealt with are all a part of delivering high-quality software program.

The Position of Automation

Automation is a developer’s greatest ally in sustaining high quality at scale. Automated assessments give quick suggestions, cut back human error, and unencumber time for exploratory testing. However automation is barely efficient when it’s thoughtfully carried out.

Don’t intention for 100% check protection only for the sake of it. As an alternative, intention for significant protection. Concentrate on high-risk areas, edge circumstances, and significant person flows. Ensure that your assessments are maintainable and supply actual worth. And all the time steadiness pace and depth; quick suggestions loops throughout improvement, with deeper validation earlier than launch.

CI/CD pipelines are additionally a serious part. Each commit ought to set off automated assessments, and builds ought to fail quick if important points are detected. Builders ought to deal with failing assessments as high-priority defects.

Tradition Eats Course of for Breakfast

On the finish of the day, no quantity of tooling or course of can compensate for an absence of a quality-driven tradition. That tradition begins with management, but it surely’s strengthened day by day by builders who take possession of the software program they construct. When builders undertake a top quality mindset, software program high quality turns into a pure final result.

The subsequent time you kick off a undertaking, bear in mind: testing doesn’t begin when the code is written. It begins within the first assembly, the primary concept, the primary whiteboard sketch. A top quality mindset isn’t one thing you bolt on on the finish; it’s one thing you construct in from the start.

As a developer, you’re not simply writing code. You’re shaping the reliability, usability, and integrity of your entire product. And that begins with a easy however highly effective concept: high quality begins with planning.

Enhanced Antibacterial Polylactic Acid-Curcumin Nanofibers for Wound Dressing – NanoApps Medical – Official web site

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Enhanced Antibacterial Polylactic Acid-Curcumin Nanofibers for Wound Dressing – NanoApps Medical – Official web site


Background

Wound therapeutic is a posh physiological course of that may be compromised by an infection and impaired tissue regeneration. Standard dressings, sometimes produced from pure fibers comparable to cotton or linen, provide restricted performance. Nanofiber scaffolds, significantly these primarily based on biocompatible polymers like PLA, present excessive floor space and porosity, making them appropriate for managed drug supply and tissue interplay.

Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from turmeric, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Nevertheless, its use in wound care is restricted by poor solubility and low bioavailability. CNTs provide complementary benefits: they possess intrinsic antibacterial exercise and may enhance the mechanical properties and drug launch profiles of polymer-based programs.

This examine investigates the combination of CNTs into PLA-curcumin nanofibers to create a multifunctional wound dressing able to each structural assist and an infection management.

The Present Research

The dressing was produced utilizing electrospinning, a method appropriate for fabricating nanofibers with managed morphology. PLA (molecular weight: 203,000 g/mol) was dissolved in dichloromethane, adopted by the addition of curcumin to make sure uniform dispersion. CNTs have been integrated at various concentrations to evaluate their results on the fabric’s structural and practical properties.

Electrospun nanofibers have been collected utilizing an ordinary setup with a managed circulate fee and glued needle-to-collector distance. Characterization included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical evaluation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology. Tensile exams evaluated mechanical energy, whereas curcumin launch profiles have been analyzed by way of in vitro assays. Antibacterial efficiency was assessed utilizing commonplace strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Outcomes and Dialogue

Incorporating CNTs considerably improved the mechanical energy and thermal stability of the PLA-curcumin nanofibers. Tensile testing confirmed that even small additions of CNTs enhanced tensile energy in comparison with pure PLA. Drug launch research confirmed a managed and sustained launch of curcumin, with the speed modulated by CNT focus. This impact was attributed to modifications in scaffold porosity and microstructure.

Antibacterial assays revealed that CNT-containing composites had a marked inhibitory impact on bacterial progress. The PLA-Cur-0.05 % CNT formulation confirmed the best antibacterial exercise, with a 78.95 % discount in microbial progress. Whereas curcumin alone confirmed restricted antibacterial efficacy within the PLA matrix, CNTs appeared to assist each dispersion and membrane-disruptive mechanisms, contributing to improved outcomes.

Water absorption exams additional supported the composite’s suitability for wound care. Whereas PLA alone exhibited excessive water uptake, the addition of curcumin and CNTs diminished this absorption. A extra reasonable water uptake profile is advantageous for managing exudates with out compromising the mechanical integrity of the dressing.

Conclusion

This examine demonstrates the potential of CNT-enhanced PLA-curcumin nanofiber mats as multifunctional wound dressings. The mixture of improved mechanical properties, antibacterial exercise, and managed drug launch gives a promising platform for an infection administration and wound therapeutic assist. The design leverages nanostructure engineering to beat the restrictions of standard supplies and drug supply programs.

Future analysis ought to discover in vivo efficiency, scalability, and additional refinement of the composite formulation. Optimizing element ratios and evaluating long-term biocompatibility will likely be key steps towards scientific software.

Journal Reference

Faal M., et al. (2025). Fabrication and analysis of polylactic acid-curcumin containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) wound dressing utilizing electrospinning methodology with experimental and computational approaches. Scientific Stories. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-98393-2, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-98393-2

ISACA Barcelona president warns of quantum illiteracy

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ISACA Barcelona president warns of quantum illiteracy



Gallego says the problem is just not theoretical however sensible, including, “We’re already seeing clear warning indicators.” He warns of “the so-called ‘harvest now, decrypt later’ assaults, which include intercepting encrypted knowledge immediately to decrypt it sooner or later with quantum know-how. This isn’t science fiction, however a concrete menace that requires fast responses.

Put together now for Q-day

European organizations will not be ready to cope with one of these menace, Gallego says: “Solely 4% of European organizations have a proper quantum menace technique. And simply 2% of the professionals surveyed really feel genuinely accustomed to these applied sciences. That hole between threat consciousness and precise motion is worrying. Preparedness can’t be optionally available; it have to be a strategic precedence.”

Gallego believes that “there’s a important lack of quantum literacy.” In his opinion, quantum computing breaks technological molds and forces us to rethink how we handle privateness, identification, and knowledge integrity. (See additionally: 9 steps to take to organize for a quantum future)

“Some organizations consider this can be a drawback of the longer term, however the reality is that preparation should begin immediately. As a result of when ‘Q-day’ comes—that second when a quantum pc is ready to break immediately’s encryption—will probably be too late to react. What we don’t encrypt securely immediately will likely be weak tomorrow,” he continues. “There are already requirements developed by organizations resembling NIST, and it’s important to start out integrating them.”

Subsequently, the very first thing that organizations need to do is to coach their professionals in quantum fundamentals, in new encryption algorithms, and in methods to adapt their infrastructures to this new paradigm, he says. The second factor they need to do is to determine which delicate knowledge is protected with algorithms which will turn into out of date in a short while. And the third factor, in keeping with Gallego, is to start out the transition to post-quantum cryptography as quickly as doable.

“Lastly, I strongly consider in public-private collaboration. Actual innovation occurs when the state, enterprise, and academia are rowing in the identical route. The Spanish Authorities’s Quantum Technique, with greater than 800 million euros of funding, is a giant step in that route,” he provides. “The ‘Q-day’ will come, we don’t know if in 5, 10, or 15 years, however it’s an inevitable horizon. We can not afford a state of affairs wherein all of our confidential data is massively uncovered. Encryption-based safety is non-negotiable.”

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