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New Agrivoltaic Device Optimizes Photo voltaic Vitality And Crops

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New Agrivoltaic Device Optimizes Photo voltaic Vitality And Crops



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There he goes once more. The skinny-skinned dictator-adjacent Commander-in-Chief who occupies the Oval Workplace foisted catastrophe upon US farmers when he sparked commerce wars throughout his first time period in workplace, and now the American citizens has empowered him to do it another time. In the meantime, farmers elsewhere across the globe are able to pounce on markets deserted by the US, together with with the assistance of recent agrivoltaic techniques that produce each clear power and crops on the identical land.

Professional tip: Subsequent time, don’t vote for the convicted felon.

Commerce Wars And The Agrivoltaic Answer

President Trump’s first spherical of commerce wars labored out famously for US farmers, and never in a great way. They landed on the dropping finish of the stick in 2018 when China retaliated in opposition to Trump’s new tariffs. The Council on Overseas Relations was amongst these toting up the damages. By October of 2020, CFR calculated that greater than 92% of the tax income from the brand new tariffs went to bail out farmers who suffered lack of export markets as a result of commerce struggle.

“That commerce struggle has value U.S. corporations many billions in new import taxes (whereas undermining their competitiveness and growing shopper costs), but it has earned the federal government far much less,” CFR summarized, noting that Trump’s funds to farmers totaled $61 billion — sure, billion — by 2020.

This time round, Trump is shaping as much as be an excellent worse catastrophe for farmers. Other than the influence of retaliatory tariffs, Trump’s belligerence has motivated non-government boycotts of US foodstuffs to materialize in Canada, for instance.

Trump’s reckless budget-cutting spree is one other issue. US meals producers relying on gross sales to USAID meals help packages have already been battered by steep cuts to the company.

The Trump freeze on federal disbursements is one more monetary disaster within the making. Farmers who contracted for on-site photo voltaic initiatives by way of the Agriculture Division’s REAP mortgage and grant program are left holding the bag for 1000’s of {dollars} invested up entrance.

None of this bodes properly for the up-and-coming agrivoltaic motion within the US. Agrivoltaic techniques symbolize a next-level method to farmland use, by which photo voltaic panels may be deployed strategically to generate electrical energy whereas the farmer continues to make use of the land for pollinator habitats, grazing, and different agricultural actions. The science behind solar-plus-farming is comparatively new, however momentum was starting to take maintain throughout the Biden administration when … oops … oh, properly….

Europe Takes The Lead On Agrivoltaics

Europe has already been implementing agrivoltaic practices at a sooner tempo than the US, and Trump’s reckless funds cuts all however assure the US shall be left behind within the mud for years to return. That’s as a result of European governments proceed to spend money on agrivoltaic analysis initiatives that maximize yields and income from dual-use farming.

One key problem includes enabling farmers to calculate how the income from electrical energy era can offset the lack of farming house wanted for the photo voltaic panels. As well as, though the rising consensus is that photo voltaic panels don’t intrude with grassland productiveness, they do compete for daylight with different crops, so productiveness additionally must be factored into the equation.

A analysis group from Germany’s Fraunhofer Institute for Photo voltaic Vitality Techniques has provide you with a brand new calculating device. The mission focuses on apple orchards, with a watch on serving to Germany obtain its renewable power objectives whereas optimizing apple manufacturing.

The deal with apples is especially instructive as a result of apples require totally different ranges of sunshine for optimum outcomes all through the rising season, from buds to blossom and fruition. The researchers additionally decided that Germany’s longtime expertise in deploying hail-proof nets to guard apple orchards may assist inform their analysis.

Calculating The Steadiness Between Crops And Photo voltaic Vitality

The researchers credit score an thought in circulation since 2011 with forming the premise of their method, which identifies horizontal single-axis monitoring techniques as essentially the most versatile technique of adjusting mild administration all through the rising season. Additionally they observe that a variety of business corporations have already got such techniques up and working in Europe,

The technical particulars can be found on-line on the SPIE digital library underneath the title, “Enhancing agrivoltaic synergies by way of optimized monitoring methods.” In a nutshell, the researchers verify that “horizontal single-axis tracker agrivoltaic techniques can mitigate agricultural yield losses by way of optimized monitoring methods that steadiness mild distribution between crops and photo voltaic panels.”

The authors additionally pay attention to some limitations and challenges of their work. Nonetheless, the research does present agrivoltaic advocates with extra proof that crops and photo voltaic panels can co-exist profitably. Their research confirmed that dynamic photo voltaic panel monitoring may obtain 91% of the focused mild for rising apples over the course of a yr, with only a 20% loss in yield for the photo voltaic panels.

Agrivoltaic Techniques And The Tariff Wars Of The Future

Along with uncooked productiveness, the research authors additionally point out that an optimized agrivoltaic system may be tweaked to enhance the standard of crops. They observe that “mild high quality, depth, and period profoundly have an effect on a variety of agronomic traits, together with fruit ripening, coloration, and general high quality, which in flip affect marketability and shopper preferences.”

That’s a very key consideration in Germany, the place apples are an export crop that accounts for about 70% of all fruit grown domestically. As a facet observe, Germany is so awash in apple peels that researchers are exploring methods to repurpose them for power storage techniques and different cleantech.

The US Apple Affiliation (USAA), for one, was already involved about commerce struggle impacts after Trump concluded his first time period in workplace. In the course of the Biden administration, the group cited “retaliatory tariffs, the shortage of recent commerce agreements and a powerful greenback” among the many elements reducing US apple exports by 25% since 2018. USAA drew specific consideration to the lack of new markets in India and China because of Trump’s commerce wars.

Entry to the European market, USAA identified, has additionally been restricted partly on account of Europe’s pesticide insurance policies. On the time, the group urged Congress to extend funding for the USDA’s Market Entry Program, an identical grant program geared toward selling US apples abroad.

No phrase but on whether or not or not USDA could have the funds, or the workers, to assist US farmers survive the brand new commerce wars, non-government boycotts, the lack of USAID income, and the monetary issues arising from the Trump freeze on USDA disbursements for photo voltaic initiatives.

An agrivoltaic enhance may assist. Trump took the US authorities itself out of the working, however all shouldn’t be misplaced. Preserve a watch out for state-based analysis initiatives geared toward serving to farmers deploy solar energy to remain in enterprise. Over in New York, for instance, researchers are exploring how photo voltaic panels may very well be deployed as an alternative of hail nets to guard a high-density apple orchard the place younger dwarf bushes have been planted.

Picture: The agrivoltaic motion within the US has misplaced momentum underneath the Trump administration, however different international locations proceed to pursue the dual-use monitor for worthwhile, productive farming (courtesy of NREL).

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ios – SwiftUI NavigationLink Unexpectedly Pops When Modifying State

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ios – SwiftUI NavigationLink Unexpectedly Pops When Modifying State


Subject
I’m encountering a difficulty in SwiftUI the place modifying a value-type mannequin inside a baby view typically causes the navigation stack to pop unexpectedly. This occurs though I am solely modifying a property contained in the youngster view, not changing the whole mannequin.

Context
I’ve an inventory of things in a NavigationStack, the place choosing an merchandise navigates to a element view. The element view permits enhancing the title property through a TextField.

Right here’s the simplified code:

import SwiftUI

struct Merchandise: Identifiable, Hashable {
    let id: UUID
    var title: String
}

struct ContentView: View {
    @State non-public var objects = [
        Item(id: UUID(), name: "Item 1"),
        Item(id: UUID(), name: "Item 2")
    ]

    var physique: some View {
        NavigationStack {
            Listing($objects) { $merchandise in
                NavigationLink(merchandise.title, worth: merchandise)
            }
            .navigationDestination(for: Merchandise.self) { merchandise in
                DetailView(merchandise: merchandise)
            }
        }
    }
}

struct DetailView: View {
    @State var merchandise: Merchandise  // <- Native copy of the merchandise

    var physique: some View {
        VStack {
            TextField("Edit Title", textual content: $merchandise.title)
                .textFieldStyle(.roundedBorder)
                .padding()
        }
        .navigationTitle(merchandise.title)
    }
}

Drawback

Once I sort within the TextField, the view typically pops again to the earlier display with out urgent the again button. It looks like the navigation stack is shedding monitor of my Merchandise occasion when its title is up to date.

  1. Used @Binding in DetailView
  • Modified DetailView to just accept a @Binding var merchandise: Merchandise as a substitute of utilizing @State.
  • This prompted a compiler error as a result of NavigationDestination passes a copied worth, not a binding.
  1. Wrapped Merchandise in a Reference Kind (class)
  • Transformed Merchandise from a struct to a category and used @ObservableObject.
  • This fastened the navigation pop subject however launched issues with Codable, Hashable, and thread security.
  1. Tracked the Chosen Merchandise Individually

  • Launched an express @State non-public var selectedItem: Merchandise? in ContentView.

  • Manually assigned the chosen merchandise earlier than navigation.

  • This labored however felt like a hack moderately than a SwiftUI-friendly strategy.

  • Anticipated Habits
    Updating merchandise.title inside DetailView ought to solely replace that subject and never trigger SwiftUI to pop the navigation stack.

  • Precise Habits
    Altering merchandise.title typically causes the view to pop unexpectedly, as if SwiftUI misplaced monitor of the navigation state.

AI within the Office: The Future is Multisapiens

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AI within the Office: The Future is Multisapiens


Issues about AI changing people – particularly within the office – aren’t new. Many AI skeptics level to indicators of the reworking workforce as justification for his or her hesitations round AI, just like the 40% of corporations that plan to cut back their workforces as AI capabilities broaden.

Statistics like this aren’t trigger for concern – they merely spotlight the realities of the place the fashionable workforce stands on AI. Its affect is being felt, whether or not employees need it or not, throughout departments and stakeholders.

Now, of us should adapt to this contemporary workforce, the place people (homo sapiens) work alongside AI brokers (AI sapiens) seamlessly to boost general productiveness. AI brokers have strengths and flaws, identical to people – and like people within the office, it’s about capitalizing on their biggest skills and viewing their shortcomings as alternatives for enchancment. It’s time to embrace the chance we now have to leverage these AI brokers to attain superhuman outcomes. To realize these outcomes, totally different types of intelligence must be collaboratively intertwined.

This multi-sapiens workforce is the long run – so how are you going to put together? Whether or not you’re a C-suite resolution maker or a first-line worker, your success is contingent upon your means to make this multisapiens office give you the results you want.

Understanding AI Brokers 

When LLM-based AI brokers entered the mainstream only a few years in the past, there was loads of pleasure throughout the board about their potential to revolutionize workflows. ChatGPT rapidly turned the fastest-growing shopper app in historical past. Shortly thereafter, the area exploded: brokers have since multiplied and advanced at breakneck velocity, bringing the market valuation to an estimated $7.38 billion and counting, and projected to succeed in $47.1 billion by 2030.

LLM brokers, with their superior reasoning and conversational capabilities, created new alternatives for the layperson to discover synthetic intelligence. For the primary time, AI was tangible – even personable – quite than an enormous, looming theoretical risk. Of us outdoors the tech world began to grasp the real-world functions of AI within the type of human-like chatbots and search brokers.

From an enterprise standpoint, early adopters loved a aggressive benefit.

Companies who moved early have been capable of reap the advantages of those brokers’ superior decision-making capabilities, get pleasure from enhancements of their operational effectivity, automate routine duties and scale back prices.

Now, organizations and particular person customers alike are working to deploy a a lot deeper bench of AI brokers and extremely superior AI agent networks. True AI experience calls for steady studying – a problem even for CIOs and CTOs. Nevertheless, it’s truthful to say {that a} reasonable understanding of how AI brokers perform is critical for members of the workforce that will probably be anticipated to work alongside them.

The Human Contact is as Inevitable as AI

Within the grand “people vs. AI” debate, the important thing factors of every facet are effectively understood. Sure, AI has an edge on the subject of information processing and automatic duties, which works hand-in-hand with decreasing rote and repetitive labor. Nevertheless, people have lived expertise, senses that understand the world in lots of dimensions, and the power to create intuitive insights. AI brokers are trainable, adaptable, and autonomous, however they can’t, and can by no means have the ability to, absolutely replicate the complete capacities that people convey to the desk.

As we enter the multisapiens workforce, we could have no selection however to desert this bipartisan view; profitable companies will zoom in on the areas of alternative for people and AI to work symbiotically. It has already been confirmed that AI can bridge the talent hole between low- and high-skilled employees, and allow extra environment friendly and higher-quality output.

Inherently, the time period “AI Agent” implies a convergence of human and technological traits. This must be an thrilling prospect. The fact is that AI features extra just like the human mind than most individuals understand – one thing that’s fascinating to me, as an anthropologist. In each circumstances, language is the crucial constructing block of data, and the mechanisms by which people and AI brokers “be taught” are remarkably comparable. That is crucially vital to think about on the subject of discovering methods for us to work collectively in a multi-sapiens work tradition.

AI Brokers Want Managers, Too 

Reflective of the same methods during which people and AI brokers be taught and evolve with time, AI brokers require correct administration, simply as human staff do. AI agent networks can have dozens of brokers, and somebody wants to verify they’re functioning correctly each independently, and in partnership with different brokers, AI and human. This job can, and will, be dealt with by an AI administration platform that may quickly be taught and evolve alongside the ever-changing AI business.

It might be naive to disregard the dangers that AI brokers pose. Information privateness, consistency, and built-in biases are simply a few of the pitfalls of multi-agent methods. It might be equally naive to lack consciousness of predators who will inevitably attempt to benefit from these shortcomings. Correct AI administration is a necessity on this period of the multisapiens workforce, not simply to ensure enough ROI, however to mitigate as many of those dangers as doable.

As AI brokers and administration platforms transfer in, leaders ought to restructure their organizations to accommodate them. Cross-functional groups which are designed for people and AI brokers to collaborate ought to grow to be the brand new normal. This will likely require a degree of reskilling and upleveling of human staff, as effectively. On the worker degree, remaining versatile, embracing these adjustments and retaining an open thoughts will optimize your means to succeed individually.

The Method Ahead

There are numerous parallels between people and this new technology of AI – we are able to’t change that, and we shouldn’t need to. Right this moment’s AI brokers are remarkably superior and typically function extra like people than conventional expertise. If we view the strengths of people and AI brokers as complementary, quite than aggressive, we now have the chance to construct a strong multisapiens workforce that may usher in an thrilling new period.

A core part of this new period is belief. We, as people, are putting quite a lot of belief in expertise to assist us obtain unprecedented success. Enterprises have a duty to domesticate belief amongst their staff by correctly managing AI brokers, giving staff the instruments for fulfillment, and constructing infrastructures that allow easy collaboration. With the right guardrails in place, this belief ought to come rapidly and naturally, as the advantages of the multisapiens office will proceed to speed up.

EV Information: An Electrical Pickup From Toyota, Two Electrical Sports activities Vehicles From Longbow

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EV Information: An Electrical Pickup From Toyota, Two Electrical Sports activities Vehicles From Longbow



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The EV revolution continues to be occurring, regardless of headwinds in varied international locations, notably the US. At a reveal within the UK final week, Toyota teased three new electrical fashions, one among which is clearly a pickup truck. On the press occasion, Toyota mentioned by the top of 2025, Toyota can have “all-new and enhanced merchandise competing on the coronary heart of the important thing B, C and D-SUV segments, the principal classes of the European automotive market. All profit from core Toyota BEV DNA qualities — real SUV character and practicality; distinctive modern design; vitality environment friendly efficiency; and the supply of true all wheel drive efficiency.”

Toyota EVs
Credit score: Toyota UK

In a graphic exhibiting the three electrical SUVs, the corporate displayed shadowy representations of different electrical autos coming within the close to future. The one within the center is clearly a pickup truck. Automobile and Driver notes that Toyota has hinted at its need to launch an electrical truck a number of instances. In 2023, Toyota confirmed the EPU idea, however that compact truck’s stubby form doesn’t match this teaser. As an alternative, it’s doubtless an electrical model of the Hilux, Toyota’s world midsize truck providing. The US has its personal midsize truck — the Tacoma — and Toyota confirmed an electrical truck idea again in 2021 that finally previewed the styling of the present Tacoma. Nobody can be stunned if the underpinnings of an electrical Hilux ended up being shared with an electrical Tacoma to attenuate prices, Automobile and Driver says.

Toyota Electrical Pickup Truck Rumors

Toyota EV Pickup 2021
Toyota electrical pickup truck idea 2021. Credit score: Toyota

For its half, Toyota has claimed the EPU idea “is a subsequent era midsize pickup truck idea, with a monocoque physique delivering excessive sturdiness to create a sensible but trendy BEV. At simply over 5 meters lengthy with a double cab design, the EPU’s monocoque construction additionally permits for a flexible deck house that caters to a broader vary of consumer purposes. The rear of the cabin hyperlinks boldly with the deck to accommodate various consumer preferences, supporting a variety of mobility existence, together with outside actions. BEV quietness is accompanied by packaging with a low heart of gravity for superior dealing with stability and experience consolation.” That’s all effectively and good, however the gestation interval for the battery electrical pickemup from Toyota is sort of so long as it’s for brand spanking new fashions from Tesla. That’s not a praise, by the best way.

The opposite two vehicles within the shadows look like the Toyota Land Cruiser Se. The boxy profile and a particular dip within the roofline is sort of similar to the Land Cruiser Se idea revealed in 2023. Toyota has launched minimal details about that automobile aside from to say it’s going to have three rows of seats, can have an electrical powertrain, and is about 10 inches longer than the Land Cruiser Hybrid. The define of the automobile on the left suggests a sleeker entrance finish and decrease, wagon-like roofline reminiscent of the present Crown Signia. This could possibly be a manufacturing model of the bZ Giant SUV idea proven in 2021, Automobile and Driver says.

Longbow Debuts Two Electrical Sports activities Vehicles

Longbow
Credit score: Longbow

Additionally from the UK final week got here information of a brand new electrical automobile startup referred to as Longbow that claims it’s going to quickly start manufacturing of two new battery-electric sports activities vehicles — one a droptop two-seater referred to as the Speedster and the opposite a sport coupe referred to as the Roadster. The identify is claimed to be a not so refined dig at Tesla, which hinted at a second era Roadster in 2017 and has had little or no to say about it since. 8 years is a very long time for individuals to attend, Elon. The corporate says it desires to carry the British custom of constructing light-weight sports activities vehicles just like the Caterham Seven and the Ariel Atom ahead into the electrical age. That custom was finest captured by Colin Chapman, the founding father of Lotus, who mentioned, “Horsepower makes you quicker on the straights. Lightness makes you quicker in all places.” Longbow says its autos are the “non secular successors” to the Lotus Elise and Jaguar E-Sort.

We’ve got one quibble. A roadster doesn’t have a set roof. The basic rationalization of the distinction between a roadster and a convertible is {that a} convertible has a high you place down below superb circumstances. A roadster has a high you place up below dreadful circumstances. It’s a refined however vital distinction.

Earlier than we get into the main points of the 2 vehicles from Longbow, it is best to know it’s not being run by a bunch of part-time bicycle mechanics from Surrey. Automobile and Driver says the individuals behind the corporate have a formidable resume. The founders have labored within the EV house for many years and have held senior positions at Lucid and BYD. The workforce additionally options individuals who have labored at Tesla, Formulation E, Lotus, Aston Martin, and Ariel. The corporate itself is situated within the Midlands space of Britain the place many Formulation One and Formulation E groups have their headquarters. In response to High Gear, lots of the mechanical items such because the batteries, motors, and brakes might be sourced from different corporations and can work collectively by way of a bespoke software program system.

The emphasis on light-weight isn’t any joke. The corporate says each fashions might be constructed on a bespoke aluminum chassis and have a glossy design comprised of composite panels. Each are two-seaters with a single 321 horsepower (240 kW) electrical motor driving the rear wheels, though twin motor variants could also be provided sooner or later. The Speedster will weigh simply 1973 kilos, scoot from zero to 100 km/h in simply 3.5 seconds, and have a variety of 275 miles WLTP. Solely 150 might be manufactured, and they’ll promote for round $110,000 (£85,760). The Roadster weighs 2194 kilos and takes one tenth of a second longer to achieve 100 km/h. The beginning value might be considerably extra pockets pleasant at $84,000 (£65,000). No vary has been quoted for the Roadster, which is not going to be restricted in manufacturing.

The corporate says it’s now accepting reservations for each the Speedster and Roadster, that are designed and engineered within the UK the place they may even be assembled by hand. It expects to have prototypes working this summer season, with manufacturing beginning in 2026. It additionally claims to have “good relationships with all the most important Chinese language semi-state-owned companies and suppliers.”

The Takeaway

Is there a message that may be drawn from these two tales? We predict there’s. Companies run by adults are beginning to ignore the US market. Simply as water merely flows round rocks in a river mattress, corporations are reacting to the chaos created by the idiotic insurance policies of the federal government by merely wanting elsewhere. Quickly the US will exist in splendid isolation, due to the antics of a drug-addled lunatic and the ravings of a man-child who behaves like a two-year-old with a full diaper. Between the 2 of them, they’re making America irrelevant — a sorry epitaph for a as soon as nice nation.

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ios – Unable to Decode Apple In-App Buy Server-to-Server Notification Payload

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ios – SwiftUI NavigationLink Unexpectedly Pops When Modifying State


I am implementing Apple In-App Buy server-to-server notifications in Laravel. I’ve arrange the mandatory credentials (issuer_id, key_id, and p8 personal key) from App Retailer Join and configured them in my utility. Nevertheless, I am unable to decode the signedPayload acquired from Apple’s notifications.

Right here’s my implementation:

class ServerNotificationAppleController extends Controller
{
    personal $storeKitKeysUrl="https://appleid.apple.com/auth/keys";

    public perform handleNotification(Request $request)
    {
        Log::information('Apple Notification Request:', $request->all());

        $signedPayload = $request->enter('signedPayload');

        if (!$signedPayload) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'signedPayload not provided'], 400);
        }

        $jwtToken = $this->generateAppleJWT();

        $response = Http::withHeaders([
            'Authorization' => 'Bearer ' . $jwtToken,
        ])->get($this->storeKitKeysUrl);

        Log::information('Apple Keys Standing:', ['status' => $response->status()]);
        Log::information('Apple Keys Physique:', ['body' => $response->body()]);

        if ($response->standing() !== 200) {
            return response()->json(['error' => "Apple public keys couldn't be retrieved"], 401);
        }

        $keysData = $response->json();

        $validatedPayload = $this->validateSignedPayload($signedPayload, $keysData);

        if (!$validatedPayload) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Invalid signedPayload'], 400);
        }

        Log::information("Apple Buy Knowledge:", (array)$validatedPayload);

        return response()->json(['message' => 'Notification processed successfully'], 200);
    }

    personal perform generateAppleJWT()
    {
        $keyId = config('providers.apple.key_id');
        $issuerId = config('providers.apple.issuer_id');
        $privateKey = file_get_contents(storage_path(config('providers.apple.private_key')));

        $nowUtc = Carbon::now();
        $expirationUtc = $nowUtc->copy()->addMinutes(20);

        $payload = [
            'iss' => $issuerId,
            'iat' => $nowUtc->timestamp,
            'exp' => $expirationUtc->timestamp,
            'aud' => 'appstoreconnect-v1',
        ];

        $header = [
            'kid' => $keyId,
            'alg' => 'ES256',
            'typ' => 'JWT'
        ];

        return JWT::encode($payload, $privateKey, 'ES256', $keyId, $header);
    }

    personal perform validateSignedPayload($signedPayload, $keysData)
    {
        attempt {
            $jwkKeys = JWK::parseKeySet($keysData);
            $allowedAlgs = new stdClass();
            $allowedAlgs->algos = ['ES256']; // Utilizing ES256
            return JWT::decode($signedPayload, $jwkKeys, $allowedAlgs);
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            Log::error("Apple Buy Validation Error: " . $e->getMessage() . " Hint: " . $e->getTraceAsString());
            return null;
        }
    }
}

The issue:

signedPayload is acquired accurately.
Fetching Apple’s public keys works nice (standing 200).
validateSignedPayload() fails to decode the payload and logs an error.

Questions:

  • Am I accurately fetching and utilizing Apple’s public keys for validation?
  • Do I must extract a particular a part of signedPayload earlier than decoding?
  • Might the difficulty be associated to how I am parsing the JWK keys?

Any insights or corrections could be appreciated!

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