I used to be reminded of that reality when my littlest woke me for an early-morning cuddle, sneezed into my face, and wiped her nostril on my pajamas. I booked her flu vaccine the following morning.
Within the US, the Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention recommends the flu vaccine for everybody over six months previous. This 12 months, following the unfold of the “chicken flu” H5N1 in cattle, the CDC is particularly urging dairy farm employees to get vaccinated. On the finish of July, the group introduced a $10 million plan to ship free flu pictures to individuals who work with livestock.
The objective shouldn’t be solely to guard these employees from seasonal flu, however to guard us all from a probably extra devastating consequence: the emergence of a brand new type of flu that would set off one other pandemic. That hasn’t occurred but, however sadly, it’s trying more and more attainable.
First, it’s value noting that flu viruses expertise refined adjustments of their genetic make-up on a regular basis. This enables the virus to evolve quickly, and it’s why flu vaccines must be up to date yearly, relying on which type of the virus is almost definitely to be circulating.
Extra dramatic genetic adjustments can happen when a number of flu viruses infect a single animal. The genome of a flu virus is made up of eight segments. When two totally different viruses find yourself in the identical cell, they’ll swap segments with one another.
These swapping occasions can create all-new viruses. It’s unimaginable to foretell precisely what’s going to end result, however there’s at all times an opportunity that the brand new virus shall be simply unfold or trigger extra critical illness than both of its predecessors.
The concern is that farm employees who get seasonal flu might additionally choose up chicken flu from cows. These individuals might grow to be unwitting incubators for lethal new flu strains and find yourself passing them on to the individuals round them. “That’s precisely how we predict pandemics begin,” says Thomas Peacock, a virologist on the Pirbright Institute in Woking, UK.