COMMENTARY
Because the 2024 US presidential election approaches, cybersecurity is a frequent subject of dialog. From my time within the intelligence neighborhood supporting the Division of Protection, I am aware of authorities planning round elections. Whereas essentially the most mentioned threats for 2024 are nation-state misinformation and disinformation, this election season, I am additionally following cybersecurity threats to municipal election methods.
The excellent news is the specter of an precise impactful disruption is low. Because the US has funneled vital assets into securing elections over the previous decade, US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Safety Company (CISA) lead Jen Easterly stated election infrastructure “has by no means been safer.” Nonetheless, that does not imply risk actors aren’t more likely to try some type of assaults, resembling web site defacements or distributed denial of service (DDoS) assaults in opposition to municipal election web sites.
Listed below are the 4 threats in opposition to native election methods we are going to almost certainly hear about in 2024:
Voting Machine Hacking
Probably the most high-profile risk to US elections is voting machine hacking. Nonetheless, voting machines are not often linked on to the Web, which aligns with present cybersecurity pointers. This implies essentially the most sensible risk vector would require bodily entry to the machines, in keeping with F5 Labs, a priority addressed by means of anti-tampering and bodily safety pointers across the nation. Whereas cyber vulnerabilities inside voting machines exist — as demonstrated yearly on the DEFCON Voting Village hacking occasion — thus far, there have been no experiences of cyberattacks taking voting machines offline or altering votes, regardless of the clear worth of such a functionality to US adversaries.
DDoS Assaults
DDoS assaults are a much less disruptive however extra frequent risk to US elections. Election monitoring and data web sites leveraging Google’s Venture Protect DDoS safety companies skilled a 400% enhance in weekly assaults through the 2022 midterms. Whereas a number of corporations like Cloudflare provide free DDoS safety companies to election-related web sites, some websites are nonetheless happening. Mississippi’s election web sites had been briefly taken offline in 2022 by a DDoS assault claimed by a pro-Russia hacking group. Nonetheless, the assault didn’t impression voting outcomes or availability.
Given the elevated profile of the presidential election, we will count on to see DDoS on a bigger scale in 2024. Nonetheless, as CISA and the FBI said in a July 31 alert, these assaults wouldn’t stop voters from casting their ballots.
Ransomware
The FBI and CISA launched the same alert on Aug. 15 associated to ransomware disruptions, reassuring the general public that any assault alongside these strains wouldn’t compromise the safety or accuracy of voting. Ransomware teams will doubtless goal municipalities — already a typical goal — within the run-up to the elections.
As an example, a ransomware assault in April compelled a Georgia county to briefly disconnect from the state’s voter registration system as a precautionary measure — highlighting disruptions that might happen round entry to voter knowledge or different election info. Nonetheless, the FBI and CISA famous, “Any profitable ransomware assault on election infrastructure tracked by FBI and CISA has remained localized and efficiently managed with minimal disruption to election operations and no impression on the safety and accuracy of poll casting or tabulation processes or methods.” Just like DDoS assaults, no reporting suggests ransomware assaults have ever prevented a vote from being solid.
Web site Defacement and E-mail Entry
Web site defacements are one other frequent risk, the place attackers take over election-related websites to change knowledge or photographs. These assaults can both goal to embarrass the positioning proprietor or subtly manipulate info, resembling polling outcomes or polling station hours.
In 2020, a risk actor briefly took over the marketing campaign web site for then President Trump, posting a derogatory message and searching for cost in return for not releasing knowledge they claimed to have stolen. Whereas these assaults might happen and will trigger native disruptions, they might not impression the flexibility to vote or tally votes.
Hybrid cyber-physical threats, such because the growing use of emails or spoofed cellphone numbers to ship pretend bomb threats or conduct swatting assaults, additionally current a priority, the place false eventualities are reported to impress a big police response. In 2018, a months-long marketing campaign concentrating on US colleges and companies prompted evacuations, police responses, and main disruptions. Related assaults on election day may goal polling stations, election workplaces, or ballot-counting websites.
Lastly, risk actors (notably nation-states) will proceed to focus on electronic mail accounts of political operatives and organizations. The US intelligence neighborhood has already attributed social engineering assaults concentrating on each main US political events to Iran. These assaults aimed to entry delicate or embarrassing info to affect the US election, highlighting the frequency of politically motivated social engineering assaults and the significance of safe, distinctive passwords and multifactor authentication.
Safeguarding the Vote
Whereas cyberattacks will undoubtedly goal US election infrastructure over the subsequent few months, it is necessary to position these occasions within the context of the protections put in place. Federal, state, native, and tribal governments, in addition to worldwide allies, have all been monitoring these threats and implementing mitigations and contingencies to assist guarantee a safe and clean election.
Whereas the 2024 election may even see varied cyber threats, present safety measures and coordination throughout all ranges of presidency goal to reduce their impression. Voters ought to keep knowledgeable and depend on official sources to make sure their participation is just not disrupted.