We are able to put a great determine on how a lot we all know in regards to the universe: 5%. That’s how a lot of what’s floating about within the cosmos is bizarre matter—planets and stars and galaxies and the mud and gasoline between them. The opposite 95% is darkish matter and darkish vitality, two mysterious entities aptly named for our incapacity to make clear their true nature.
Earlier work has begun pulling aside these dueling forces, however darkish matter and darkish vitality stay shrouded in a blanket of questions—critically, what precisely are they?
Enter the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, one in every of our 10 breakthrough applied sciences for 2025. Boasting the most important digital digicam ever created, Rubin is predicted to check the cosmos within the highest decision but as soon as it begins observations later this 12 months. And with a greater window on the cosmic battle between darkish matter and darkish vitality, Rubin may slender down current theories on what they’re fabricated from. Right here’s a have a look at how.
—Jenna Ahart
This story is a part of MIT Expertise Assessment Explains, our collection untangling the complicated, messy world of know-how that will help you perceive what’s coming subsequent. You may learn extra from the collection right here.
Anthropic has a brand new option to defend massive language fashions towards jailbreaks
What’s new? AI agency Anthropic has developed a brand new line of protection towards a typical type of assault known as a jailbreak. A jailbreak tips massive language fashions (LLMs) into doing one thing they’ve been skilled to not, comparable to assist any individual create a weapon. And Anthropic’s new strategy could possibly be the strongest defend towards the assaults but.
How they did it: Jailbreaks are a type of adversarial assault: enter handed to a mannequin that makes it produce an sudden output. Regardless of a decade of analysis there may be nonetheless no option to construct a mannequin that isn’t susceptible. However, as an alternative of attempting to repair its fashions, Anthropic has developed a barrier that stops tried jailbreaks from getting by way of and undesirable responses from the mannequin getting out. Learn the complete story.